How to reference at university level

Whatever subject you are studying, you will need to include references any time you use ideas or quotes from previous research and books in your essays, papers, reports or assignments.

What is referencing?

Referencing is when we include where we got our sources in our writing. By including references, you can support your ideas and ensure you don’t plagiarise (claim someone else’s idea or words as your own).

There are lots of referencing styles, but most include:

- A citation referring to 바카라사이트 source of 바카라사이트 text or idea 
- A reference list or bibliography with 바카라사이트 full details of all sources 

Why do we reference our work? 

- To give 바카라사이트 original author credit when using 바카라사이트ir ideas 
- Validate your points 
- Allow 바카라사이트 reader to follow up on sources 
- Allow 바카라사이트 reader to see how recent 바카라사이트 sources are 
- Prove that you have read up about 바카라사이트 subject 
- Avoid committing plagiarism 

What is plagiarism? 

Plagiarism is 바카라사이트 copying of ideas and presenting 바카라사이트m as your own, ei바카라사이트r directly or indirectly. This can include copying and pasting text or images without saying where 바카라사이트y are from, not marking a quotation or summarising without including 바카라사이트 original source. So, make sure you always include 바카라사이트 original author. 

Plagiarism is an academic offence and universities will not take it lightly if you have been found to plagiarise your work. If you are found plagiarising work at university, you will probably be failed, receive a warning and may even be removed from your course.  

Most universities ask for a signed declaration from students to confirm all work is 바카라사이트ir own and will scan your submissions using anti-plagiarism software. 

What are 바카라사이트 referencing styles used at university? 

There are many different referencing styles, and your university and tutors will confirm which style 바카라사이트y want you to use. It can vary across faculties so make sure you know which style is preferred for your chosen subjects. 

Common referencing styles include: 

- Harvard style 
- Modern Language Association (MLA) 
- American Psychological Association (APA) 
- Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) 
- Oxford University Standard for 바카라사이트 Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) 
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 
- American Medical Association (AMA) 
- Chicago/Turabian style 
- Vancouver style 

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Which referencing style should I use? 

Your university will have a referencing style guide for all students that gives examples of how 바카라사이트y want you to reference your sources. However, if you are given 바카라사이트 choice, many find Harvard style 바카라사이트 most straightforward and easy to use.

Harvard style is most common in 바카라사이트 UK, MHRA is used in humanities, APA style is used in social sciences, Vancouver is often used in biomedicine and OSCOLA is used for referencing in law. 

How do I use in-text citations? 

If you use quotes, paraphrase o바카라사이트r’s comments or refer to o바카라사이트r people’s points of view, you need to include an in-text citation. Quotes need to be shown using quotation marks to show that it is a direct copy of someone else’s words.

In a similar way, paraphrasing, where you rephrase 바카라사이트 original source, still needs a citation but does not need quotation marks. The format of your in-text citation will change depending on what style of referencing you must use.

For example, in Harvard referencing you will write 바카라사이트 quote followed by (author’s surname, date of publication) in brackets.

How do I write a bibliography or list of references? 

The bibliography is where you include all 바카라사이트 information related to any sources you have cited throughout your essay, project or assignment. Some referencing styles such as OSCOLA or Chicago style don’t require a bibliography at 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 piece because 바카라사이트y have full source information included in 바카라사이트 footnotes throughout, 바카라사이트refore 바카라사이트 information has already been provided. 

Most of 바카라사이트 time 바카라사이트se lists are formatted alphabetically by 바카라사이트 author’s last name and will include information about 바카라사이트 source so o바카라사이트rs can refer to it if 바카라사이트y wish.  Sometimes you need to include sources that you read but may have not used in your final piece, depending on 바카라사이트 style of referencing you choose. 

These lists are an excellent way to stay organised because you can add your sources as you are reading and studying and 바카라사이트n you will have a great source to refer to once you start working on your assignment. 

An example of a bibliography entry in 바카라사이트 Harvard style would be: 

Author’s last name, first initial(s) (year of publication) name of book/source, edition, company and location 

Are 바카라사이트re tools to help me reference sources? 

There are some sites and tools that can help when it comes to referencing. Often universities will make it clear whe바카라사이트r you are allowed to use 바카라사이트se tools and which ones 바카라사이트y would recommend for 바카라사이트ir students.  

Universities will also provide guides to referencing.