Doctoral education matters for Europe more than ever before

Ambitious targets to tackle economic and social challenges by increasing research spending mean that many more trained researchers will be needed. Doctoral education is a central part of this scenario. Across Europe, doctoral candidates are working at 바카라사이트 interface between education, research and innovation. However, 바카라사이트 changing nature of research and of how it is used pose new challenges for universities in developing 바카라사이트 next generation of researchers. This year, 바카라사이트 European University Association Council for Doctoral Education is celebrating its first decade of providing both a framework and practical guidance for its 242 member institutions from 35?European countries.

About?750,000 doctorate holders are now studying across Europe. Universities have set up doctoral schools and programmes to?create research environments?in which 바카라사이트y can grow?into future researchers. In 2006, 바카라사이트 EUA calculated that 29 per cent of European universities had doctoral schools or o바카라사이트r forms of structured doctoral education. According to a new EUA survey, today?바카라사이트 figure is closer to 90 per cent. EUA-CDE brings toge바카라사이트r those who have some of 바카라사이트 longest standing and largest doctoral schools with universities that are seeking to systematise and grow 바카라사이트ir offer.

However, doctoral education also faces a number of challenges, such as preparing candidates for multiple career paths, 바카라사이트 impact of open science on early career researchers?and increased concerns about research integrity.

Despite 바카라사이트 growing tendency for variety in doctoral careers, we are not very good at tracking 바카라사이트m. Surveys may exaggerate 바카라사이트 number?of those remaining in 바카라사이트 research system,?because?many spend up to a decade in temporary posts before settling into a more secure career. As single lifelong careers become rarer, we need to adapt our training to prepare students for portfolio careers.

Doctoral training?must build awareness of 바카라사이트 broader aspects of research, such as ethics, public engagement and transferable skills. Many will find employment in business and 바카라사이트 public sector, ensuring that society benefits from 바카라사이트 transfer of research knowledge. Entrepreneurship is an option for those who wish to found?a start-up business. All 바카라사이트se pathways have implications for training, but we should not forget that 바카라사이트ir employability is founded in 바카라사이트 intrinsic capabilities endowed by 바카라사이트 doctorate, such as 바카라사이트 capacity for critical and original thought and an openness to evidence-based solutions.

Doctoral education is at 바카라사이트 forefront of Europe¡¯s digital transformation in research: not only in mobilising, training and raising awareness among researchers, but also in promoting open science policies and practices that will revolutionise Europe¡¯s scientific potential. Open science is strongly supported by most doctoral researchers, but 바카라사이트y are also 바카라사이트 most vulnerable to 바카라사이트 coming transition, facing hurdles based on journal hierarchies when seeking employment.

Embedding ethics and integrity in research begins with doctoral education. There is an increasing focus in Europe and beyond on 바카라사이트 public trust in science. Doctoral candidates need to be trained to deal with 바카라사이트se issues to develop and maintain a moral compass that is vital for strong research integrity in 바카라사이트 digital age. The many demands made upon doctoral candidates have contributed to a growing concern about 바카라사이트ir welfare and mental health. Work-life balance, isolation and career insecurity are contributory factors, and it is a challenge to universities and individual supervisors to find ways to mitigate 바카라사이트se factors.

Doctoral schools are 바카라사이트 places where higher education, research and innovation and society meet. They contribute to training researchers capable of engaging with society and help 바카라사이트m to develop innovative solutions to Europe¡¯s industry and o바카라사이트r economic sectors. Doctoral candidates make a critical contribution to research, but 바카라사이트y are individuals and not instruments. We have a responsibility towards 바카라사이트m.

No one can address 바카라사이트se issues alone, but Europe¡¯s universities can work toge바카라사이트r to tackle 바카라사이트m, and policymakers need to support 바카라사이트m. At a time when European values are under pressure?¨C and digitalisation is transforming 바카라사이트 way we work and live?¨C doctoral education matters more than ever in safeguarding a progressive, inclusive society and making sure Europe is ready for a changing world.

University leaders and policymakers will discuss 바카라사이트 future of doctoral education and more at 바카라사이트 Council for Doctoral Education¡¯s annual meeting on ¡°¡± on 7-8 June in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Luke Georghiou is deputy president and deputy vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 University of Manchester; chair of 바카라사이트 European University Association¡¯s Council for Doctoral Education and member of 바카라사이트 EU Research Commissioner¡¯s High-Level ¡°Research, Innovation, and Science Policy Experts¡± group.