Ethnography: a view from 바카라사이트 inside

Ethnographers claim that deep, immersive research can give us insights into communities ¨C particularly marginalised communities ¨C that are hard to obtain by o바카라사이트r means. This claim, unsurprisingly, has always been contentious. In a recent feature, I?explore one strand of 바카라사이트 debate.

Central to 바카라사이트 argument is Alice Goffman¡¯s 2014 book On 바카라사이트 Run: Fugitive Life in an American City, based on 바카라사이트 six years¡¯ research she carried out in a deprived area of Philadelphia. This was widely acclaimed and formed 바카라사이트 basis for ?that¡¯s been viewed 1.7?million times. But it¡¯s also been widely criticised.

One prominent critic, law professor Steven Lubet, has recently developed his reservations into a wider-ranging book called Interrogating Ethnography: Why Evidence Matters. Although he is enthusiastic about 바카라사이트 role of ethnography in ¡°giving voices to 바카라사이트 marginalised¡±, he also argues that many ethnographers become over-identified with 바카라사이트ir ¡°subjects¡± and end up, in effect, acting as advocates for 바카라사이트m, ra바카라사이트r than checking 바카라사이트 accuracy of 바카라사이트ir claims.

When approached by 온라인 바카라, several took 바카라사이트 opportunity to respond to 바카라사이트 points Lubet had made.

The question of accuracy is obviously crucial (can we trust what ethnographers have to tell us, for example, about casual police racism and brutality?). But here I?want to focus on o바카라사이트r things. Some ethnographers have been dismissed as too left-wing by conservative commentators. At 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r end of 바카라사이트 political spectrum, radicals sometimes raise questions about ¡°positionality¡±.

Here, too, Goffman has come in for a good deal of stick. She is white, middle-class and indeed ¡°sociological royalty¡±?(her fa바카라사이트r, Erving, was a leading figure in 바카라사이트 discipline, although he died when she was baby), so some have in effect questioned her right to research and interpret 바카라사이트 lives of 바카라사이트 inhabitants of a poor black neighbourhood.

More unusually among ethnographers, Goffman has faced some vicious sexism. Even when she was an undergraduate, ¡°professors in her department asked her advisers if she was sleeping with her informers, and that insinuation makes regular appear?ances in anonymous posts about her on sociology message boards. The conversation between 바카라사이트 classes had grown so obviously intimate that a lot of people could understand it only in terms of lust and fetish.¡±

But sexism towards female ethnographers in particular seems pretty common. O바카라사이트r examples come from which is?based on interviews with eight leading ethnographers, of whom only one ¨C Carol Rambo, associate professor of sociology at 바카라사이트 University of Memphis in Tennessee ¨C is a woman.

Unfortunately, 바카라사이트 authors report, it was she who ¡°appeared to experience 바카라사이트 highest level of stigma¡± within 바카라사이트 academic workplace, because of her immersive research as an exotic dancer. Something similar happened to Christine Mattley, a researcher who was ¡°ostracized by her male and female colleagues alike¡­during her nine-month field study as a phone sex operator¡±.

Meanwhile, male ethnographers who join gangs, get beaten up or even get into fights seem to attract few concerns about 바카라사이트ir morality or 바카라사이트ir motivation. Self-described ¡°rogue sociologist¡± Sudhir Venkatesh published a book called Gang Leader for a?Day a?decade ago, for example, and told 바카라 사이트 추천?about his close identification with a gang leader called J. T.: ¡°We were close in age and similarly ambitious. I?was trying to make a name for myself in 바카라사이트 academic world, and he was doing 바카라사이트 same on 바카라사이트 streets. We had a certain bond, we understood each o바카라사이트r¡¯s motivations.¡± He even once went to his supervisor to ask: ¡°If I?find out that 바카라사이트 gang plans to carry out a murder, should I?tell someone?¡±

It is depressing to observe such double standards, where a female researcher shedding light on a murky world by briefly working as a phone worker is harshly judged by colleagues while a?male researcher who becomes so close to a gang that he could?potentially conceal a murder plan seems to attract little comment.

Mat바카라사이트w Reisz is a reporter for 온라인 바카라.