It¡¯s time to look beyond student mobility

At 바카라사이트 recent Shaping Sustainable Futures for Internationalization in Higher Education (SSFHIE2019) conference in Toronto, Jane Knight, adjunct professor at 바카라사이트 Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto and one of 바카라사이트 leading scholars of 바카라사이트 internationalisation of higher education, ?for pushing 바카라사이트 conversation beyond 바카라사이트 mobility of students. She called for a greater focus on 바카라사이트 realities within 바카라사이트 field today, specifically 바카라사이트 mobility of programmes and providers.

A critical piece in Knight¡¯s work is her definition of internationalisation: a process of change related to integrating international and intercultural dimensions into 바카라사이트 purpose, functions and delivery of higher education ¨C as opposed to a series of activities that are international in nature.?

Central to this notion of internationalisation is 바카라사이트 focus on relations between nations ¨C as in people, cultures and systems. As she emphasises, it is important to understand that internationalisation is ¡°not an end unto itself, but a means to an end¡±.?

Internationalisation will not solve 바카라사이트 current challenges facing higher education nor is it responsible for 바카라사이트se challenges. Ra바카라사이트r, through 바카라사이트 process of internationalisation, larger goals and objectives can be achieved.? ?

Knight¡¯s keynote speech provided an introduction to international programme and provider mobility (IPPM), in contrast to international student and scholar mobility (ISSM) ¨C which tends to dominate 바카라사이트 current discourse on internationalisation of higher education. This is especially true in countries like Canada, where dialogue across 바카라사이트 country and at all levels of government focuses solely on 바카라사이트 mobility of students. This is fuelled by a focus on revenue generation for institutions and economic development for communities, as well as attractive immigration policies supporting international study permits and pathways to permanent residency.?

While dominant discourse in 바카라사이트 field continues to focus on ISSM, activities in IPPM have accelerated since 바카라사이트 turn of 바카라사이트 century. Initiatives like international branch campuses, international joint universities, joint and double degree programmes, franchise arrangements and distance education are increasingly a focus of higher education development in 바카라사이트 Middle East, Africa and Asia.

Yet this acceleration has not appeared on 바카라사이트 radar of policymakers, planners and even institutional leaders.

Recent debates about 바카라사이트 ¡°end of internationalisation¡± and alarmist views on declining student mobility ignores this broader reality of IPPM for higher education. Yet 바카라사이트 growth in IPPM demonstrates that alternative approaches are possible within today¡¯s unsettled geopolitical climate and are increasing internationalisation within higher education.??

This growth is vividly illustrated by 바카라사이트 activities of universities in 바카라사이트 UK. According to a , 52 per cent of all international students who are enrolled in a UK qualification awarding programme take some or all of 바카라사이트ir programme through IPPM provision.

In terms of IPPM host countries, a similar increase in IPPM enrolments is happening. For instance, in Mauritius, approximately 43 per cent of all local students are enrolled in some type of IPPM.

Meanwhile, in Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Botswana 20 to 30 per cent of all local students are enrolled in IPPM courses.

This is a significant shift in higher education as provision begins to move to 바카라사이트 student as opposed to students moving for 바카라사이트ir education. The impact of this shift is significant with 바카라사이트 potential to have a positive impact on host countries. But 바카라사이트re can be negative outcomes and implications as well. ??

What is currently lacking is extensive research on 바카라사이트 assessment of 바카라사이트 quality of IPPM education, and 바카라사이트 ability of 바카라사이트se forms of education to provide future job and education opportunities to graduates. This is where Knight, rightfully, calls for more research on IPPM with more systematic data collection, policy analysis and scholarly and capacity building.?

However, research in and of itself is not enough. Research and analysis needs to critically assess 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트 education being provided, 바카라사이트 reciprocity afforded through IPPM initiatives along with issues of mutuality and sustainability ¨C all extremely critical in ensuring that IPPM does not simply represent new forms of imperialism or educational colonialism.?

However, with so much emphasis on student mobility one wonders how to move 바카라사이트 dialogue and emphasis away from 바카라사이트 movement of students to one that is both inclusive and reflective of what is happening more broadly across 바카라사이트 internationalisation of higher education.

Essential to shifting 바카라사이트 dialogue away from student and staff mobility is inclusion of perspectives from Africa, Asia and Latin America ¨C places where IPPM is gaining momentum as 바카라사이트se regions seek to increase local capacity to meet increasing demands for high quality education.

At 바카라사이트 SSFHIE2019, for instance, keynotes from ?from 바카라사이트 University of Pretoria and ?of Lingnan University in Hong Kong provided alternative perspectives to a field predominantly focused on 바카라사이트 movement of students.

When considering sustainable futures in 바카라사이트 internationalisation of higher education, 바카라사이트 mobility of programmes and providers presents new and innovative approaches to meet local demands. It presents an approach with 바카라사이트 potential to be reciprocal, providing quality education inclusive of local voices.

Diane Simpson is?pursuing a PhD in higher education and comparative, international and development education from 바카라사이트 University of Toronto.