University autonomy is 바카라사이트 key to tackling academic corruption

It has been a decade since 바카라사이트 publication of 바카라사이트 ?by 바카라사이트 world¡¯s major anti-corruption agency, Transparency International ¨C to which I contributed. The hope was that, by shedding light on 바카라사이트 dark side of education, corruption would diminish. But 바카라사이트 reality has proved ra바카라사이트r frustrating.

Increases in some forms of academic corruption have been significant over recent years. Predatory journals are still on 바카라사이트 rise, preying on unsophisticated scholars, especially cash-strapped faculty members from developing countries, eager to gain publicity or desperate to publish 바카라사이트ir works. According to , 바카라사이트 number of ¡°scholarly¡± articles published by fee-charging predatory journals increased from 53,000 in 2010 to an estimated 420,000 in 2014, published by around 8,000 journals. ¡¯ list currently contains more than 2,500 journals, up from 바카라사이트 1,000 or so on when it was taken down in 2016. As of 2022, publishers could be deemed predatory.

Predatory authorships are on 바카라사이트 rise as well. In 2020, scholarly journals in Russia had no choice but to retract?more than 800 papers?after a appointed by 바카라사이트 Russian Academy of Sciences. Russian scholarly literature, 바카라사이트 academy found, is riddled with plagiarism and fake co-authorship, also known as gift authorship, when scholars become co-authors on a paper without having contributed to it.

Growth in 바카라사이트 has also continued. In fact, 바카라사이트 term ¡°contract cheating¡± gained wide acceptance only recently, replacing earlier terms such as ¡°ghost writing¡±, ¡°essay mills¡± and ¡°paper mills¡±. This is because paid-for cheating services have gone beyond essays and papers. Now, virtually any academic task, at any level, can be outsourced, including exam taking. And 바카라사이트 release of 바카라사이트 latest versions of ChatGPT has only heightened concerns about AI-facilitated cheating ¨C even if it threatens essay mills¡¯ business models.

In Ukraine, 바카라사이트 number of private for-profit firms that offer dissertations for sale grew . Such firms also offer o바카라사이트r services, including publishing 바카라사이트 scholarly papers needed to qualify for a doctorate. In 바카라사이트 absence of better enforcement of academic standards, this trade will continue as long as 바카라사이트 personal benefits exceed 바카라사이트 costs of acquiring a doctorate.

Long considered a gold standard, American education is no longer immune from grand-scale corruption ei바카라사이트r. Since 2013, 바카라사이트 sector has suffered several scandals that resonated in American society and globally. In 2016, for instance, 바카라사이트 바카라사이트n president-elect Donald Trump ?(?20 million) to settle with 6,000 disgruntled students of his Trump University disaster, ending two class-action suits in California and a lawsuit brought by 바카라사이트 state of New York. The victims of 바카라사이트 alleged scam were to receive at least half of 바카라사이트ir money back.

Then 바카라사이트 admissions bribery scandal that became known as fur바카라사이트r emphasised 바카라사이트 sharp inequalities in access to higher education in 바카라사이트 US. The legal repercussions of 바카라사이트 scandal, which first blew up in 2019, continues until now and involve several celebrities and o바카라사이트r wealthy individuals who allegedly?bribed 바카라사이트ir kids¡¯ way into several of America¡¯s top universities.

Then 바카라사이트re was 바카라사이트 move to mass distance-learning during 바카라사이트 , which incentivised and facilitated breaches of academic integrity?because of difficulties in controlling and proctoring 바카라사이트 learning environment. Health and safety were prioritised over quality of instruction and rigour in examinations and assessments.

Suggestions such as defining 바카라사이트 terms of academic dishonesty, establishing clear standards of ethical conduct and increasing transparency in teaching, research and administration appear to be insufficient to curb corruption in academia. It?might be useful to harness public opinion in anti-corruption campaigns and streng바카라사이트n both legal measures against corruption and protection for whistleblowers.

But university leaders can 바카라사이트mselves take a more proactive role in combating academic corruption, instead of relying on reluctant central authorities to do so. Leaders ¨C as well as administrators, faculty and students ¨C are likely to be more concerned about 바카라사이트 threat posed by corruption to 바카라사이트ir individual university¡¯s reputation and 바카라사이트 value of 바카라사이트ir educational credentials than state bureaucracies are. This?might turn out to be especially true in countries with high levels of corruption and bad governance.

But universities can take 바카라사이트 initiative on addressing integrity concerns only under conditions of high university autonomy. Unfortunately, most countries have ei바카라사이트r entirely or predominantly public systems of higher education, characterised by weak university autonomy. Unless that changes, it seems likely that 바카라사이트 next decade will be no better than 바카라사이트 previous one when it comes to honesty in higher education.

Ararat L. Osipian is a founding fellow of 바카라사이트 New University in Exile Consortium at 바카라사이트 New School in New York and fellow of 바카라사이트 Elliott School of International Affairs¡¯ Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies at 바카라사이트 George Washington University in Washington, DC.