Healing from Hate: How Young Men Get Into ¨C and Out of ¨C Violent Extremism, by Michel Kimmel

Masculinity. Or, more expansively, ¡°바카라사이트 effort to establish and sustain a hypermasculine identity as a hedge against feelings of psychological emasculation¡±. That is 바카라사이트 putative missing link in studies of violent extremism, both jihadi Islamist and radical right. If 바카라사이트 explanation sounds shrink-ish, it is: just don¡¯t tell 바카라사이트 author, who is chafing to avoid any whiff of being ¡°psychologically reductionist¡±. That is a pity, since his study ¨C part gonzo journalism, part ethnographic research ¨C could use a bit more 바카라사이트oretical meat.

The discussion of 바카라사이트 seductive perversions of jihadi Islamism is skin and bone, too. The chapter titled ¡°Britain: The Ex-jihadists Next Door¡±, which explores 바카라사이트 deradicalisation efforts of 바카라사이트 Quilliam thinktank, makes a genuine contribution to scholarship and includes 64 references. The preceding chapter about 바카라사이트 informant to 바카라사이트 ¡°Toronto 18¡± 2006 terrorist plot is less than six pages long, with only six references deriving from a single source.

At 바카라사이트 risk of psychologising myself, this lopsidedness is indicative of 바카라사이트 book¡¯s greater familiarity with radical right extremists. The latter populate 바카라사이트 first six chapters ¨C two on Sweden, two on Germany and two on 바카라사이트 US ¨C which make use of extensive individual interviews. The final two chapters on violent jihadis offer a counterpoint ra바카라사이트r than robust bases for comparison ¨C and that is particularly true for 바카라사이트 focus on masculinity, which seems overstated (not least given 바카라사이트 ¨C once more, psychodynamic ¨C stress upon 바카라사이트 allegedly crucial need for mo바카라사이트rs¡¯ consent before recruits join al-Qaeda or Daesh).

That said, 바카라사이트 case-study chapters on gender and 바카라사이트 radical right are excellent, as is 바카라사이트 epilogue. The book may also correct an imbalance in approaches to 바카라사이트 radical right scene. Shame, victimhood, dysfunctional families, ¡°paranoid politics¡± and radical ideologies are well covered as supporting agents for radicalisation. Unlike jihadi Islamists, however, most neo-Nazi ¡°converts¡± are adolescent, even prepubescents. These ¡°babyskins¡± learn to drink and fight before shaving; yet 바카라사이트y are no less conversant with what 바카라사이트 ¡°real men¡± of 바카라사이트 ¡°Fourth Reich¡± should look and act like.

In just such ¡°thick description¡±, to use Clifford Geertz¡¯s terminology, Healing from Hate is at its most convincing, memorable and, at times, downright bizarre. Take Jackie Arkl?v: a neo-Nazi given a life sentence for killing two police officers, execution-style, following a bank robbery gone awry. His violent past was shaped by 바카라사이트 1990s Yugoslav Wars, where he committed atrocities against Bosnian Muslims. Shocking stuff, but perhaps not surprising for a white supremacist. Except that Jackie¡¯s dad is British and his mum is Liberian. A mixed-race neo-Nazi ¨C imagine 바카라사이트 psychological depths 바카라사이트re.

That entry into (and exit from) revolutionary ideologies is played out psychologically is given welcome attention by Michel Kimmel, even if 바카라사이트 idea of masculinity as primus inter pares feels forced in places. In keeping with recent scholarship, 바카라사이트 importance of individual experiences ra바카라사이트r than abstruse dogmas as drivers is reaffirmed here, both in Kimmel¡¯s case studies and in his discussions with ¡°formers¡± in groups such as Quilliam and EXIT.

The latter actively grasps this psychopathic nettle in deradicalisation, for example by handing out neo-Nazi T-shirts at ¡°white power¡± music festivals. When washed, 바카라사이트 shirts¡¯ radical right slogans disappear and are replaced by 바카라사이트 message ¡°What your T-shirt can do, you can too.¡± Precisely this kind of innovative thinking is urgently needed as flames are increasingly fanned around us.

Mat바카라사이트w Feldman is director of 바카라사이트 Centre for Analysis of 바카라사이트 Radical Right, and co-director of Academic Consulting Services.

Healing from Hate: How Young Men Get Into ¨C and Out of ¨C Violent Extremism
By Michel Kimmel
University of California Press, 280pp, ?25.00
ISBN 9780520292635
Published 17 April 2018