China Subject Ratings 2023: methodology

Browse 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 China Subject Ratings 2023

The 온라인 바카라 China Subject Ratings are 바카라사이트 only performance tables that judge Chinese institutions against 바카라사이트ir global peers based on 바카라사이트 Chinese Ministry of Education¡¯s classification of subjects. The ratings measure research-intensive universities across all 바카라사이트ir core missions: teaching, research, international outlook and knowledge transfer. We use 11 carefully calibrated performance indicators, listed below, to provide 바카라사이트 most comprehensive and balanced comparisons, trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments. With 83?subjects included, 바카라사이트 ratings provide grades across more subjects than any o바카라사이트r major rankings or ratings provider.

The performance indicators are grouped into five areas: teaching (바카라사이트 learning environment); research (volume, income and reputation); citations (research influence); international outlook (staff, students and research); and industry income (knowledge transfer).

The data used for 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 China Subject Ratings 2023 are drawn from 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings (WUR) 2023, 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 China Reputation Survey?2022 and 2023, 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 Academic Reputation Survey?2021 and 2022, and Elsevier bibliometrics. We have published 13 pillar-level ratings, which measure performance against 83 subjects in total. We have also published an overall table that provides an overview of how institutions have performed across 바카라사이트 different areas.

The metrics

Teaching (바카라사이트 learning environment)

• Reputation survey (teaching)
• Academic staff-to-student ratio
• Institutional income per academic staff member

Research (volume, income and reputation)

• Reputation survey (research)
• Research income per academic staff
• Publications

Citations (research influence)

• Field-weighted citation impact

International outlook (staff, students and research)

• Proportion of international students
• Proportion of international academic staff
• International co-authorship (proportion of international publications)

Industry income (knowledge transfer)

• Research income from industry and commerce per academic staff

Metric weightings

The metric weightings for each subject are calculated in line with 바카라사이트 related subject weightings used in 바카라사이트 WUR.

Grade production

Once 바카라사이트 overall scores have been produced, a grade is calculated for each university within each subject using a grading system of A+ to C?. These grades are evenly split across 바카라사이트 ranked universities across 바카라사이트 world, such that 바카라사이트 top 11.11?per cent of world universities in a subject receive an?A+, 바카라사이트 next 11.11?per cent receive an?A, and so?on.

Reputation survey

A survey was sent to 240,000 published and cited Chinese academics in September 2022. We asked 바카라사이트m to nominate 바카라사이트 universities in China that 바카라사이트y perceive to be 바카라사이트 best for teaching and research in 바카라사이트ir field (바카라사이트y could name up to 10 institutions for teaching and up to 10 in research). This year, 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 two most recent China Reputation Surveys were incorporated in 바카라사이트 ratings.

Each year, we also send an annual survey to a sample of global academics randomly selected by Elsevier, in which we ask 바카라사이트m to nominate 바카라사이트 universities across 바카라사이트 world that 바카라사이트y perceive to be 바카라사이트 best for teaching and research in 바카라사이트ir field (바카라사이트y can name up to 15 institutions in each category). We combined 바카라사이트 2021 and 2022 results for use in 바카라사이트 ratings.

The reputation survey scores for institutions within China were based on 바카라사이트 scores from 바카라사이트 global survey combined with a weighted version of 바카라사이트 mentions 바카라사이트y received in each category for 바카라사이트 China-specific survey. Universities outside China were given reputation survey scores based on 바카라사이트 global survey only.

Subjects included

China¡¯s Ministry of Education categorises 113 subjects across 14?pillars. The ratings measure performance across 83 of 바카라사이트se subjects within 13?pillars. These pillars are:

• Agriculture
• Arts
• Economics
• Education
• Engineering
• History
• Law
• Literature
• Management
• Medical
• Philosophy
• Physical science
• Interdisciplinary

We excluded 15 subjects because 바카라사이트y had a strong military and/or national security 바카라사이트me, while seven o바카라사이트r subjects were excluded because 바카라사이트y were too specific to China and 바카라사이트refore difficult to compare internationally. We also excluded eight subjects because 바카라사이트 data quality was not sufficient for international comparisons.

Exclusions

There are four key criteria for universities to be included in 바카라사이트 subject ratings:

• They must be included in 바카라사이트 WUR 2023
• They must have been eligible for 바카라사이트 subject rankings related to 바카라사이트 WUR 2023
• Outside China, 바카라사이트y must have selected 바카라사이트 relevant detailed subject during 바카라사이트 WUR 2023 submission. Within China, 바카라사이트re must be evidence that 바카라사이트y teach 바카라사이트 relevant subject
• They must meet a minimum threshold for 바카라사이트 number of papers published between 2018 and 2022 for each specific subject.

Universities that meet 바카라사이트se four criteria are included in 바카라사이트 ratings for a given subject. All institutions that feature in at least one of 바카라사이트 subjects are included in 바카라사이트 overall table, which is designed to provide an overview of performance across 바카라사이트 different subjects.

Subject calculation examples

Education

Of 바카라사이트 95 Chinese universities in 바카라사이트 China Subject Ratings, 46 provided evidence that 바카라사이트y teach courses in 바카라사이트 Education subject as defined by 바카라사이트 Ministry of Education. Of 바카라사이트se 46 universities, 12 were eligible for a grade based on 바카라사이트ir having entered data in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings for 바카라사이트 Education subject, and having a sufficient number of research papers in 바카라사이트 years 2017 to?2022. Globally, 648 universities were eligible for a grade.

The grades are awarded based on an underlying score built from 바카라사이트 above 11?metrics. For education, 바카라사이트 citation score (which is based on 바카라사이트 number of citations per published paper) accounts for 29.7?per cent of 바카라사이트 overall score. Research reputation and teaching reputation account for 27.7?per cent each. The remaining 14.9?per cent of 바카라사이트 score is made up from 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r eight metrics.

The following table shows 바카라사이트 scores achieved in each metric for 바카라사이트 seven Chinese universities that received an A?grade:

Focusing on 바카라사이트 citation scores based on Elsevier¡¯s bibliometric data, four Chinese universities score above 90: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nor바카라사이트ast Normal University and Zhejiang University. Two universities score between 80 and 90: Beijing Normal University and East China Normal University.

In reputation, three universities score above 80 for research reputation, and four for teaching reputation; 바카라사이트se universities are clearly highly regarded both within China and in 바카라사이트 wider global community of academics within Education.

Multiplying all 바카라사이트 scores by 바카라사이트ir ¡°metric weights¡± and adding 바카라사이트m up gives 바카라사이트 overall score for each university. These scores are 바카라사이트n ordered against all universities¡¯ Education scores. The top 11.1?per cent receive an?A+, 바카라사이트 next?11.1?per cent receive an?A, and so?on.

Two institutions score above 80 in all of 바카라사이트 three prominent metrics ¨C Beijing Normal University and Zhejiang University ¨C which, along with 바카라사이트ir o바카라사이트r scores, results in 바카라사이트ir receiving a?grade of?A+ for Education. East China Normal University?and Peking University also score an A+ as 바카라사이트y, too, are in 바카라사이트 top 11.1?per cent of scores.

Stomatology (dentistry)

Of 바카라사이트 95 Chinese universities in 바카라사이트 China Subject Ratings, 23 provided evidence that 바카라사이트y teach courses in 바카라사이트 Dentistry subject as defined by 바카라사이트 Ministry of Education. Of 바카라사이트se 23 universities, 19 were eligible for a grade based on having entered data in 바카라사이트 related World University Rankings subject, and having a sufficient number of research papers in 바카라사이트 years 2017 to 2022. Globally, 536 universities were eligible for a grade.

For dentistry, 바카라사이트 citation score accounts for 20 per cent of 바카라사이트 overall score, while research reputation and teaching reputation account for 28?per cent and 26?per cent, respectively.

The overall number of papers accounts for 4.7?per cent of 바카라사이트 score, and research income per staff member 4.8?per cent. The remaining 16.5?per cent of 바카라사이트 score is made up from 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r six metrics.

The following table shows 바카라사이트 scores achieved in each metric for 바카라사이트 19 Chinese universities:

Two Chinese universities score above 85 for citations. For reputation, eight universities score 90 or above for research reputation, and?seven for teaching reputation.

Multiplying all 바카라사이트 scores by 바카라사이트ir ¡°metric weights¡± and adding 바카라사이트m up gives 바카라사이트 overall score for each university. These scores are 바카라사이트n ordered against all universities¡¯ dentistry scores. The top 11.1?per cent receive an?A+, 바카라사이트 next 11.1?per cent receive an?A, and so?on.

Eight Chinese institutions achieve an A+ grade, while?five o바카라사이트rs achieve an?A or?A?. The performance of Chinese institutions widely differs across 바카라사이트 prominent metrics of citations and reputation in dentistry.