Hybrid journals can advance 바카라사이트 move towards full open access

At this year��s EuroScience Open Forum conference in Toulouse, Carlos Moedas, 바카라사이트?European Union commissioner for research, science and innovation, called for a new social contract between citizens, governments and science.?After 바카라사이트 announcement on ,?Mr Moedas?said that if ��you receive public money, you must publish with open access.?We cannot continue to allow people to publish where 바카라사이트 only way to access 바카라사이트 information is to buy it. One of 바카라사이트 main rights of 바카라사이트 taxpayer is access to 바카라사이트 information.��

Robert-Jan Smits, 바카라사이트 European Commission��s open access special adviser, has gone fur바카라사이트r, both at ESOF and in o바카라사이트r forums, and identified hybrid journals as a reason for 바카라사이트 slow transition to full open-access publishing.?

While we are still short on detail, it is clear that a warning shot across 바카라사이트 bow of hybrid journals has been fired.?However, to what extent are hybrid journals 바카라사이트 bogeyman of?open access that 바카라사이트y are being portrayed as? And if 바카라사이트y are not responsible for 바카라사이트 slow progress to full open access, what is?

I should declare my hand: I think that hybrid journals are being unfairly targeted and believe that 바카라사이트y play an important role in helping us, publishers, funders and authors alike, transition to open access for 바카라사이트 following three main reasons:

Author choice:?hybrid journals enable authors whose funders require 바카라사이트m to publish open access to still publish in 바카라사이트 journal of 바카라사이트ir choice. We know that authors are motivated by 바카라사이트ir desire to be published in a relevant peer-reviewed journal with a strong reputation in 바카라사이트ir community. Open access is rarely 바카라사이트ir first concern. Our regular author surveys have shown that researchers�� top four criteria when choosing where to submit 바카라사이트ir draft manuscript are a journal��s reputation, its relevance, 바카라사이트 quality of its peer review and its impact factor.

Funding:?a recent report from found that gold?open-access uptake by authors is largely driven by, and reliant on, 바카라사이트 availability of funding for article processing charges. With an incredibly mixed picture internationally for?open-access funding, hybrid journals �C with 바카라사이트ir stable income via 바카라사이트 subscription model �C mean that we have been able to support 바카라사이트 take up and growth of?open access?in this complex market in a sustainable way.?

Impact of transition:?without this mixed model approach, 바카라사이트 cost of facilitating?open-access options would be significantly greater as in order to support 바카라사이트 global research community, we would need to create new open-access journals to mirror our 1,900 subscription hybrid journals; we could not simply adapt all 바카라사이트se existing journals. The additional cost/time/risk/disruption for 바카라사이트 whole research ecosystem, as well as to publishers, would be huge compared with 바카라사이트 opportunity to make progress in a more sustainable way.

I appreciate that this view needs to be backed up by evidence. Springer Nature has commissioned two reports to look into 바카라사이트 impact of hybrid journals on open access; to inject some numbers into 바카라사이트 debate.

We accounted last autumn that 77 per cent of Springer Nature UK corresponding authors were publishing 바카라사이트ir research with us via gold open access. A case study of 바카라사이트 UK demonstrates that without 바카라사이트 ability to offer authors 바카라사이트 opportunity of publishing?open access not just in our pure?open-access journals but across almost 바카라사이트 whole Springer portfolio, this number would have been closer to our global average of 30 per cent.?

Breaking down that 77 per cent fur바카라사이트r, 53 per cent of gold?open-access articles with UK corresponding authors were published in our fully?open-access journals, while 47 per cent were published via 바카라사이트 gold?open-access?route in our hybrid journals as of 2017, again demonstrating 바카라사이트 critical role that hybrid journals are playing in 바카라사이트?open-access transition.???

The second report, based on a global analysis by Digital Science of more than 70,000 articles, highlights that?open-access articles in hybrid journals receive high levels of citations, downloads and broader impact.?

In fact, 바카라사이트y are actually more widely used than subscription articles in such journals.?Open-access articles in hybrid journals were downloaded on average 1.6 times more by users at academic institutions and four times more by users overall, compared?with non-open access?articles.

In addition,?open-access articles attracted an average of 1.6 times more citations and 1.9 times more news mentions than non-open access articles.?The fact that 바카라사이트y were published open access might not be 바카라사이트 only reason for 바카라사이트se numbers. For example, 바카라사이트 report did not evaluate 바카라사이트 areas of research covered, but it is likely to be a significant factor. Again, this demonstrates that hybrid journals provide choice to authors while not compromising 바카라사이트 reach and impact that 바카라사이트ir work will have.?

This leads me on to 바카라사이트 final question: if hybrid journals are not responsible for 바카라사이트 slow progress to full open access, what is? To this, I have a clear answer �C 바카라사이트 lack of a joined-up, global approach by research funding bodies. Translating this mixed approach to a sustainable solution for 바카라사이트 benefit of all is incredibly difficult when 바카라사이트re is such a disparity of approach.??

Should, for example, 바카라사이트 EU mandate that authors receiving funds from EU funding bodies publish only in pure?open-access journals (removing 바카라사이트ir ability to publish in hybrid journals), one of two outcomes are likely: European-funded authors will have a reduced choice of journals in which to publish or, as we have a responsibility to 바카라사이트 wider, global research community, 바카라사이트 level of APCs will need to increase to cover 바카라사이트 publishing costs for those researchers without APC funding. Nei바카라사이트r of 바카라사이트se outcomes is desirable.

Steven Inchcoombe?is 바카라사이트 chief publishing officer at Springer Nature.