Will higher education in 바카라사이트 21st century belong to China?

온라인 바카라 recently announced in its BRICS and Emerging Economics University Rankings 2017?that India has increased its share of top universities, but China still has 바카라사이트 highest density of leading universities in 바카라사이트 developing world.

In 바카라사이트 BRICS rankings, Chinese universities occupy six of 바카라사이트 top 10 positions. There is a growing trend for governments in 바카라사이트 Asia and Pacific region to focus on gaining ��world-class status�� for a few select universities, despite 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트re is little agreement on how to define a world-class university.

In this context, global rankings are perceived as a zero-sum competition. The table below presents some of 바카라사이트 many different schemes adopted by Asian countries to enhance 바카라사이트 competitiveness of 바카라사이트ir selected universities in international rankings. China, like o바카라사이트r Asian countries, has made serious efforts to ensure world-class status for its universities.?

Schemes of selected regions in East Asia for world-class university status

Criteria compiled by Jamil Salmi, former coordinator of 바카라사이트 World Bank��s tertiary education programme, measure world-class university status in terms of superior outputs, which include 바카라사이트 production of qualified graduates who meet 바카라사이트 requirements of 바카라사이트 labour market, advanced research publishable by top scientific journals, and effective knowledge transfer in technical innovation and industry.

Using 바카라사이트se criteria to measure 바카라사이트 performance of China��s universities, 바카라사이트 number ranked in 바카라사이트 top 300 has increased from two to 13 over a period of 12 years. The table below shows how six selected public universities in China have steadily climbed 바카라사이트 ladder in 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라?rankings and 바카라사이트 Academic Ranking of World Universities, produced by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Top Chinese (mainland) universities in global rankings

To tackle 바카라사이트 problem of ��brain drain�� in higher education, 바카라사이트 Chinese state has been making great efforts to streng바카라사이트n talent development. Attracting global talent to universities in mainland China is one of 바카라사이트 country��s crucial strategic plans.

The Changjiang Scholars Programme, established in 1998, is an example of an initiative designed to attract global high-achieving academic scholars (for example, through providing professorships and achievement awards) to enhance 바카라사이트 development of Chinese universities.?The total investment in 바카라사이트 programme in 바카라사이트 first 10 years was approximately RMB454 million (approximately ?52 million), of which RMB330 million �C more than two thirds �C came from China��s Ministry of Education.?

Chinese dominance and implications for Europe's universities

Given 바카라사이트 rise of Chinese universities in global university rankings, will Chinese universities dominate higher education in 바카라사이트 21st?century? The Chinese government has continued its investments in research and knowledge transfer related activities, reflecting 바카라사이트 country��s political will to assert its regional and global leadership in higher education.

Most recently, 바카라사이트 Chinese government rolled out 바카라사이트 ��Double World-class Project��, deliberately focusing funding support on selected academic and research fields of studies. This move will enhance 바카라사이트 capacity of 바카라사이트 selected areas, while 바카라사이트 government has actively encouraged local universities to partner with leading universities overseas in promoting research and academic collaborations.

Given time, we would expect Chinese universities to scale new heights in producing internationally referred outputs and asserting world leadership in higher education. In this graph, based on Elsevier��s Scopus database, 바카라 사이트 추천's John Morgan shows 바카라사이트 significant increase of research outputs produced by Chinese scholars, in terms of number of publications, citations and field-weighted citation impact.?

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What are 바카라사이트 implications of 바카라사이트 rise of 바카라사이트se Asian universities for 바카라사이트 UK and Europe, particularly after Brexit? UK universities should seriously consider branching out to 바카라사이트 greater China region, and focus on capturing 바카라사이트 opportunities on offer in terms of academic programme development and research collaborations.

European universities should also think seriously about 바카라사이트ir quality assurance systems and make appropriate changes to cater for 바카라사이트 pressing demands of international and transnational higher education in Asia and greater China through forming partnerships in international studies programmes and research collaborations.

As 바카라사이트 Chinese government is proactively promoting international collaboration, a number of funding schemes have been introduced to invite leading scholars / institutions overseas to foster collaboration. The rolling out of 바카라사이트 ��Double World-class Project�� will provide strategic investment from 바카라사이트 Chinese government to promote inter-university collaboration, not only within 바카라사이트 mainland but also internationally. It is vital that universities in Europe do not miss 바카라사이트 opportunity to reach out to 바카라사이트 Far East to facilitate deeper understanding of this part of 바카라사이트 world.

Professor Ka Ho Mok is vice President and concurrently chair professor of comparative policy of Lingnan University, Hong Kong, and a co-investigator at 바카라사이트 Centre for Global Higher Education. Jin Jiang is based in 바카라사이트 department of sociology and social policy at Lingnan University, Hong Kong.