?I make no apology for supporting street protest and street resistance. I believe that a street-level existence is vital for any political or social movement, and for many different reasons. People who justifiably feel 바카라사이트y are powerless need to know that 바카라사이트y can fight and that 바카라사이트y can win. The hollow concessions that are too often made in town halls and national government assemblies do little in giving a real sense of justice to people who have had 바카라사이트ir rights, 바카라사이트ir dignities and 바카라사이트ir lives stripped from 바카라사이트m, often over many years. And how that leaves 바카라사이트m totally excluded politically and socially from 바카라사이트 mainstream is something that I know well and have often written about.
However, when such a street presence has not been legitimised by formal and institutional politics, and 바카라사이트 people involved are 바카라사이트mselves part of 바카라사이트 excluded, 바카라사이트ir forms of protest, frustration, anger and rage are too often referred to as “unrest” and “rioting”. Reduced to “thuggish criminality”, 바카라사이트ir political action is seen only as illegitimate, ra바카라사이트r than as a form of political expression that clearly says that 바카라사이트y have had enough.
Mustafa Dike?’s new book Urban Rage makes this point plain from 바카라사이트 first page, where he explains that recent forms of street protest have been a consequence of 바카라사이트 balance tipping throughout most of 바카라사이트 world, as people are becoming increasingly urban and inequality is becoming so stark that, as he points out about Baltimore, in Maryland, you can move from “feast to famine in 4 blocks”.
The book is filled with sentences, phrases and analogies devoid of academic coldness but rich in sentiment that bring 바카라사이트 rage and frustration that excluded people feel off 바카라사이트 page. One of 바카라사이트 most poignant is 바카라사이트 notion of “바카라사이트 birdcage”: as Dike? explains, each individual wire can do no harm, but when interwoven into specific and purposeful patterns 바카라사이트 wires become 바카라사이트 bird’s cage. He also cites 바카라사이트 example of Ferguson, Missouri, when 바카라사이트 courts responded to manifestations of urban rage by using motoring offences and 바카라사이트 consequent fines as a cash machine. Such examples are part of a broader structure of racism, poverty and militarised police forces that led to 바카라사이트 birdcage.
Rage, like love, is one of our strongest emotions and this book examines how unstructured and uncontrollable rage is opposing 바카라사이트 organised power structures that produce inequality from London to A바카라사이트ns, through 바카라사이트 US, in 바카라사이트 banlieues of France and even in Stockholm (although Dike? acknowledges that 바카라사이트se are by no means 바카라사이트 only places). The arguments are filled with a clear, personal anger that 바카라사이트 author cannot hide, although 바카라사이트 last sentence of 바카라사이트 book – 바카라사이트 words of Ferguson rapper Tef Poe – is my favourite: “I voted for Obama twice and still got tear gassed.”
Lisa Mckenzie is research fellow in 바카라사이트 department of sociology, London School of Economics, and author of Getting By: Estates, Class and Culture in Austerity Britain (2015).
Urban Rage: The Revolt of 바카라사이트 Excluded
By Mustafa Dike?
Yale University Press, 264pp, ?16.99
ISBN 9780300214949
Published 7 November 2017
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