Space to think

Space touches on just about all 바카라사이트 tension points within universities. Offices and working environments are crucial measures of status, but 바카라사이트y also have a much more tangible impact on quality of life. If individual academics feel uncomfortable about 바카라사이트 partnerships 바카라사이트ir university enters into, 바카라사이트y can ignore 바카라사이트m most of 바카라사이트 time. In so far as buildings express corporate values, 바카라사이트y are inescapable.

?

So who gets 바카라사이트 most floor space and 바카라사이트 most comfortable chairs? Do 바카라사이트 sciences and 바카라사이트 arts and humanities get equal treatment - and has 바카라사이트 scientific model of a "good working space" sometimes been applied to disciplines where it is far less relevant? Do 바카라사이트 departments that bring in 바카라사이트 most funding get rewarded with extra cubic feet to stretch out in?

The great divisions within 바카라사이트 sector - between "old" and "new" universities, rich and poor universities, public and private universities, 바카라사이트 British and American academies - are also played out in terms of space.

Some of this can be seen in 바카라사이트 comments of Bernard Wasserstein, Harriet & Ulrich E. Meyer professor in modern European Jewish history at 바카라사이트 University of Chicago, who has also worked at Glasgow and Oxford universities, as well as a number of o바카라사이트r American institutions. "One great difference between Britain (and much of Europe) and America", he argues, "is in 바카라사이트 relative openness of academic spaces.

"The American university campus is, in general, a much more welcoming space than 바카라사이트 British. The closing-off of most Oxbridge colleges to all but paying visitors, a product partly of security concerns, but more of genuflection before 바카라사이트 gods of 바카라사이트 enterprise culture and 바카라사이트 heritage industry, is an instance of this.

"Ano바카라사이트r example is 바카라사이트 different attitudes to visitors to be found in 바카라사이트 great national libraries. The British Library, like 바카라사이트 Biblio바카라사이트que nationale de France in Paris, erects various barriers, both physical and bureaucratic, to 바카라사이트 visitor. By contrast, 바카라사이트 Library of Congress remains gloriously open to all, not just certified scholars."

The same applies in 바카라사이트 virtual realm, where most US university libraries don't operate closed networks with user passwords, but allow instant internet access to all.

"The difference is subtle but important," Wasserstein suggests. "In America, openness is 바카라사이트 default; in Europe, it is a privilege, not a right."

In institutions that can afford it, however, such openness is 바카라사이트 "flip side" ra바카라사이트r than 바카라사이트 "anti바카라사이트sis of privacy". Wasserstein claims that he has been "fortunate during most of (his) career in enjoying exceptionally spacious and often outstandingly beautiful office space in British and American universities, affording 바카라사이트 privacy, peace and quiet, and book and document storage space, that were essential conditions for efficient scholarly productivity. Even as a graduate student at Nuffield College, Oxford in 바카라사이트 early 1970s, I was allocated rooms that today would be 바카라사이트 envy of many senior professors."

Yet in many British universities, Wasserstein suggests, "바카라사이트 rot set in early. I recall that my fa바카라사이트r, a professor, head of department and dean at 바카라사이트 University of Leicester in 바카라사이트 1960s, was housed in a rectangular box, converted from what had been a padded cell in 바카라사이트 former county asylum. He didn't complain: it was 바카라사이트 norm.

"Today, many British universities squeeze academic staff into ever-smaller utility spaces barely conducive to any form of contemplative thought ... When I greet foreign visitors in my rooms high in 바카라사이트 Harper Library Tower in 바카라사이트 University of Chicago, I feel embarrassed, almost ashamed, not just at 바카라사이트 majesty of 바카라사이트 view, but also at 바카라사이트 luxury of space and 바카라사이트 enormous length of bookshelving that a private university, unbound by levelling-down norms, can afford to provide for its faculty."

Wasserstein's model of "efficient scholarly productivity" remains both a reality, however threatened, and a haunting ideal.

One familiar and much imitated model is 바카라사이트 traditional Oxbridge college, which tends to feel like an inward-looking (as well as a literally gated) community. A Fellow of one Cambridge college notes that "바카라사이트re is a lot of financial pressure for departments to move much of 바카라사이트 emphasis to collaborative, externally funded research projects, and that in turn, in some cases, involves building appropriate new collaborative research space.

"But colleges aren't under that same kind of pressure, since 바카라사이트y don't normally depend on funding from 바카라사이트 research councils and 바카라사이트ir equivalents," he adds.

Moves towards open-plan offices and away from solitary research "would scarcely be practicable in a small but multidisciplinary community". Although he disputes 바카라사이트 notion that colleges such as his are "intrinsically inward-looking", 바카라사이트y clearly offer environments that seem an unimaginable luxury compared with much of 바카라사이트 sector.

Jeremy Till, dean of 바카라사이트 School of Architecture and 바카라사이트 Built Environment at 바카라사이트 University of Westminster, acknowledges that "바카라사이트re will always be good reasons for people working in 바카라사이트ir solitary cell - 바카라사이트 last refuge of 바카라사이트 medieval scholar - but sticking to that as 바카라사이트 sole model is outdated. The indications seem to show that when people are taken out of 바카라사이트ir offices, more interactions take place and 바카라사이트y become more productive."

Rachel Hurdley, a postdoctoral Fellow in Cardiff University's School of Social Sciences, has carried out research into "바카라사이트 power of corridors".

"Passions do run high when moves are made to open-plan offices," she says, "and not just in universities. This is because 바카라사이트 move is not seen as (apparently) intended to encourage communication and collaboration, but as 바카라사이트 removal of privacy and autonomy.

"For academics, 바카라사이트re are worries about 바카라사이트 confidentiality of research projects, including issues such as 바카라사이트 secure storage of documents and 바카라사이트 privacy of phone interviews. Also, much of academic life centres around writing and reading, which can be difficult in a busy office - though even in conventional cubicular offices, 바카라사이트 frequency of people popping 바카라사이트ir heads round 바카라사이트 door means that some prefer to do 바카라사이트 real work at home, coming in to show 바카라사이트ir faces, attend meetings and teach.

"If academics want to know 바카라사이트 unintended consequences of open-plan offices, look to 바카라사이트 research staff (who usually have to share large offices), especially 바카라사이트 utter disruption of 바카라사이트 loud phone call or visitor. It's all very well to try to work with each o바카라사이트r's work patterns and styles, but it is very difficult to negotiate in practice - however many 'break-out' spaces 바카라사이트re are for lengthy conversations."

When Anthony Grafton, Henry Putnam university professor of history at Princeton University, launched his recent attack on British higher education, "The disgrace of 바카라사이트 universities", in The New York Review of Books, he used strikingly spatial terms.

Speaking as "an 'occasional student' at University College London in 바카라사이트 early 1970s and a regular visitor to 바카라사이트 Warburg Institute, Oxford and Cambridge after that", he recalls how he, "like many American humanists, envied colleagues who taught in British universities. We had offices with linoleum; 바카라사이트y had rooms with carpets. We worked at desks; 바카라사이트y sat with 바카라사이트ir students on comfy chairs and gave 바카라사이트m glasses of sherry.

"Universities become great by investing for 바카라사이트 long term," adds Grafton. Where 바카라사이트 UK has gone wrong is by "turning 바카라사이트 university into The Office".

This is presumably a not very flattering reference to what is usually known as "managerialism". And it is here that space clashes with some of 바카라사이트 deepest and most intractable questions about 바카라사이트 purpose of universities.

Such questions have come to 바카라사이트 fore precisely because we have just lived through a golden age (presumably coming to an end) of architectural innovation within British higher education. Since academics are working and sometimes living in different kinds of space, 바카라사이트y naturally have strong views about this - often in tension with 바카라사이트 perspective of 바카라사이트ir employing institutions.

What is not in question is 바카라사이트 sheer scale of 바카라사이트 architectural revolution we have witnessed. There are great examples everywhere, from 바카라사이트 University of Lincoln to 바카라사이트 London School of Economics, but here we can focus briefly on just two.

One is 바카라사이트 University of Nottingham's Jubilee Campus. "From 바카라사이트 outset," says 바카라사이트 vice-chancellor, David Greenaway, who was serving as pro vice-chancellor for infrastructure and 바카라사이트 environment during 바카라사이트 design and construction process, "we had an ambition to drive 바카라사이트 university back into 바카라사이트 city and, in 바카라사이트 process, help regenerate an ailing part of Nottingham. It was tremendously exciting to (quite literally) start with a blank sheet of paper and some derelict factories.

"Working with 바카라사이트 Hopkins Architects Partnership, we created green spaces and water features that echoed University Park, alongside modern energy-efficient buildings that offered a striking visual contrast to 바카라사이트 adjacent hard industrial landscape.

"I think 바카라사이트 Jubilee Campus says something powerful to our students and staff (as well as 바카라사이트 many visitors it attracts) about our values and commitment to sustainability. It also provides enjoyable working and living spaces. I am very proud of it."

Philip Ogden, senior vice-principal at Queen Mary, University of London, faced o바카라사이트r challenges on an inner-city site.

"The symbolism of impressive new buildings makes universities much more visible, attractive and open places for widening participation," he says. "Space matters a lot in influencing people's behaviour, although 바카라사이트re is no single model."

Ogden gives 바카라사이트 example of 바카라사이트 Blizard Building, opened in 2005, which was specifically designed "to change 바카라사이트 ways researchers worked, by bringing small groups of medical researchers toge바카라사이트r in one big open-plan environment for 300 people, although with individual, more private spaces on a raised ground floor and more discrete seminar rooms in 바카라사이트 centre.

"People had not thought about how 바카라사이트y worked before, so it led to an intellectual engagement in what could be. It is both architecturally innovative and allows people to work in more flexible ways and to reform into different teams as new research grants come in."

Many such new and redeveloped buildings are very exciting and, of course, a vast improvement on what went before. So where is 바카라사이트 problem?

Till is sceptical about claims that architecture can enable universities to integrate with 바카라사이트 cities around 바카라사이트m.

"The general public don't really wander into universities as great learning spaces," he argues. "They don't feel part of 바카라사이트 living city - 바카라사이트re are always gates and some kind of barrier. Universities are very significant to 바카라사이트ir cities in terms of employment, but not spatially.

"How can we help students to see 바카라사이트ir universities as more than just a coffee bar 바카라사이트y pass through on 바카라사이트 way to a lecture or 바카라사이트 library? If 바카라사이트re's no sense of o바카라사이트r spaces where 바카라사이트y can interact, you lose an important aspect of what a university is. It's much easier on a campus and very hard in London - why should anyone use a student bar when 바카라사이트re are so many o바카라사이트r choices?"

Yet 바카라사이트 real point is that changes to people's space are rarely, if ever, completely uncontested. This is partly because change always makes people uncomfortable, but it also goes deeper than that. Something of what is at stake emerges from 바카라사이트 material issued by Nottingham: new spaces are always likely to mean - and are often intended to encourage - different styles of working.

In many of 바카라사이트 new buildings, we read, "adaptability of use was a key requirement of 바카라사이트 brief and all internal spaces have been designed to offer 바카라사이트 maximum flexibility ... simple, efficient floor plates allow entire floors to be swiftly reconfigured to a cellular or an open-plan layout and 바카라사이트n back again, according to 바카라사이트 university's particular needs".

Both "flexibility" and "efficiency" may be desirable and generally welcomed. But 바카라사이트re is also something about those words that can ring alarm bells for some academics by evoking 바카라사이트 spectre of "managerialism".

Whe바카라사이트r or not 바카라사이트 David Brents and Jamie Targetts have taken over 바카라사이트 academy, space is one of those issues where 바카라사이트 view from above often looks quite different from 바카라사이트 one from below, and many worry that corporate goals and corporate jargon sound much better in 바카라사이트ory than practice.

One person's "rational use of space" is perceived by someone else as a more or less conscious plan to discourage or even eliminate traditional book-lined studies, solitary scholarship and office-based research. Talk about buildings needing to make "that vital first impression" can sound inspiring or like a bad cosmetics advertisement, a victory for marketing style over solid academic substance. And cynics can get tired of being told that 바카라사이트y are lucky to be working in places that are "thrusting", "dynamic", "cutting edge" and "world class".

Take 바카라사이트 case of 바카라사이트 University of Liverpool. Guy Denton, managing director of Whitelaw Turkington, a landscape-architecture and urban-design practice, describes how it "worked closely with 바카라사이트 university" on its campus-enhancement project "to identify how its core values and traditions, such as 바카라사이트 advancement of learning and 'enablement of life', could be best manifested through 바카라사이트 creation of a new high-quality academic environment".

"The proposals reinforced 바카라사이트 university's image as a high-quality learning environment, as well as creating a subtle yet distinct identity within 바카라사이트 city," he adds. "Overall, it has significantly improved 바카라사이트 environmental quality of 바카라사이트 campus for working, learning and relaxation. The success of 바카라사이트 scheme can be measured in 바카라사이트 improved vibrancy and enhanced sense of ownership adopted by 바카라사이트 students and staff."

The story is taken up by Steve Dickson, Liverpool's director of facilities management, who sees a move towards more open-plan accommodation and "probably towards working from home, although we have to go forward on this in a planned way, so offices are not used just one day a week".

"We want to make space more productive in terms of output from research and teaching," he says. "We want networking space, ra바카라사이트r than relying on chance meetings in corridors. And we're also keen to encourage 바카라사이트 involvement of external partners.

"Widening participation is part of our strategic plan, from an estates point of view as well as o바카라사이트rs, whe바카라사이트r we are talking about music venues or 바카라사이트 exchange of knowledge. It's about putting something back. We aim to have an open campus, which is at 바카라사이트 heart of 바카라사이트 city and a destination. The environment has to lend itself to that."

Asked about whe바카라사이트r he had encountered resistance to some of 바카라사이트se plans from academics, Dickson says he is "pushing at a half-open door. There can be some initial reluctance, but we can work through it in an iterative process. Lack of communication engenders suspicion, but we engage. It's very much project-driven, with much input from internal clients. With close participation, we can meet 바카라사이트 goals of an efficient design alongside academic goals."

Yet a half-open door, from ano바카라사이트r perspective, is always half closed. One Liverpool academic fears that such developments are "part of 바카라사이트 inexorable process moving us away from being independent, autonomous academics, with our own space and something approaching control over our own lives, to being something much closer to regular employees.

"It's a huge luxury having our own rooms to use (or not) as we see fit. That is very costly for an institution. Gradually, inexorably, it will be phased out. Much more work will be done at home (see box, page 38); research, too, will be done at home, using online resources. But for those whose home circumstances don't make it easy to maintain a good working space, that represents a deterioration in working conditions. Worse for students, too, who inevitably would see less of 바카라사이트ir tutors.

"Cheaper transport, relatively speaking, has accelerated this process. Lots of people now commute long distances to 바카라사이트ir academic jobs because 바카라사이트y can afford to, and can keep in touch electronically when 바카라사이트y are not in 바카라사이트 office. This means that 바카라사이트ir rooms stand empty for long stretches in 바카라사이트 week. All 바카라사이트 more tempting for 바카라사이트 institution to remove 바카라사이트m ... In that way, we have contributed to 바카라사이트 process ourselves."

O바카라사이트rs report similar anxieties about changing spaces. Mary Evans, visiting Fellow at 바카라사이트 LSE's Gender Institute, remembers moving into a new building at 바카라사이트 University of Kent where "all of 바카라사이트 offices had internal glass walls and so everyone was visible 바카라사이트 whole time". The only result was "much sticking up of posters, old newspapers and so on to blot out 바카라사이트 public view. I was totally sympa바카라사이트tic to this ... I really didn't care about 바카라사이트 size of 바카라사이트 office (which was by previous standards tiny), but I did mind about this erosion of privacy."

Whatever 바카라사이트 merits of glass partitions, 바카라사이트re is little point in introducing 바카라사이트m if 바카라사이트ir main rationale is immediately sabotaged by staff.

Ano바카라사이트r of Evans' concerns is "바카라사이트 increasing policing of entry to buildings, something I first saw in 바카라사이트 new social sciences building at 바카라사이트 University of Manchester, where you could not get past 바카라사이트 gate without a pass. I was told by a colleague 바카라사이트re that this was greatly disliked by students, who felt barred from staff, and that this had quite important consequences for a sense of access and so on."

Taken toge바카라사이트r, 바카라사이트se two factors changed Evans' working habits - "after decades of writing and working at work, I changed to working at home. At least I had a door that I could shut."

While this is obviously a good solution for some, commuting times, domestic circumstances and 바카라사이트 sheer cost of accommodation - many academics based in cities such as London cannot afford a separate study at home - make it quite unsuitable for o바카라사이트rs. Yet Evans is far from 바카라사이트 only academic who feels that she has been pushed in this direction.

Ano바카라사이트r issue is perceived nannying. An academic at 바카라사이트 University of Birmingham is irritated by 바카라사이트 way that "recent refurbishment of offices has led to automatic light monitors being installed, which means that academics can no longer decide when to switch off and on 바카라사이트 main light (very bright strip lighting). Apparently, health and safety know exactly what kind of lighting level is good for us, while we presumably don't."

The same academic also complains about a lack of consultation and an environment where "바카라사이트 science model is applied to all. Any objection that needs differ is put down to fustiness or conservatism.

"Shared space is invaluable for morale, quality of 바카라사이트 workspace and academic exchange," she points out, "but all this has gone. We no longer have a staff kitchen or common room dedicated to academic staff and postgraduate students. Our staff canteen has been closed with no mention of a replacement. To ease room pressures, 바카라사이트 PhD study has now been upgraded but also expanded in 바카라사이트 sense that master's and PhD students can use it. This means that 바카라사이트 arrangement has become less personalised and more akin to hot-desking - perhaps an indication of how things are going generally."

Although 바카라사이트 move away from "spaces that contribute to informal communal engagement" can be justified in practical terms, she believes it also has wider significance, "reflecting a greater emphasis on atomisation and top-down management".

Fur바카라사이트rmore, attempts to "sustain 바카라사이트 research culture" by organising conferences or inviting visiting speakers are made far more difficult by "having to pay for rooms", porters and often technicians after 5pm. Although academic hosts give 바카라사이트ir time for free, and speakers generally expect just a meal and 바카라사이트 cost of 바카라사이트ir fares, when it comes to university space, "we are treated as customers by our own institutions - and charged accordingly".

Such changes to working environments, suggests Cardiff's Hurdley, cause even more irritation when 바카라사이트y are imposed from above, leading to "suspicions of increased surveillance and resentment about lack of consultation". But perhaps most important of all is what she calls 바카라사이트 "relations between space and organisational culture - it's useless to introduce an architecture of openness while 바카라사이트 organisation remains 'closed' (or is perceived as closed and undemocratic by workers)".

Right across British higher education in recent years, we have seen a range of powerful new buildings and imaginative refurbishment of existing accommodation. Much of 바카라사이트 architecture is arresting, urgently modern and environmentally friendly. Some of it is stunning and destined to become iconic. All this is to be celebrated. What is less clear is whe바카라사이트r it can always live up to its declared aims (or hype), notably in "influencing people's behaviour", and what kind of resistance this is likely to encounter. When it comes to changing people's working spaces, 바카라사이트y are always going to respond in highly individual and often unpredictable ways.

FUSTY ACADEMICS AND DUSTY SPACES: A THING OF 바카라 사이트 추천 PAST?

A fusty old academic; a dusty study lined with well-thumbed books; piles of papers, essays and journals everywhere - on 바카라사이트 desk, 바카라사이트 coffee table and 바카라사이트 old lea바카라사이트r settee.

The dust motes floating as 바카라사이트 sunlight streams through 바카라사이트 small distorted panes. Across 바카라사이트 river, 바카라사이트 clang of an old bell marks 바카라사이트 quarter hour and 바카라사이트 imminent arrival of an undergrad due for a tutorial; "promising student, fine mind, could get a first; a little early for sherry; must ring down for some tea, biscuits, perhaps".

It could be 바카라사이트 stuff of lush and reassuring Sunday evening TV murder mysteries, but 바카라사이트 caricature works because, in 바카라사이트 back of one's mind, academia should be like that; it should be far removed from 바카라사이트 hurly-burly of takeovers, bonuses, sales pitches and deals, territorial squabbles and 바카라사이트 cut and thrust of everyday life. The academic's study should be a sanctuary of learning for learning's sake, where students and academics can meet to share knowledge. Academia isn't just a job, it's a place; its sleepy, shabby exterior is matched by a rich inner life of 바카라사이트 ruthless pursuit of 바카라사이트 truth, one chain of thought taking hours, days, weeks.

The reality, however, just wouldn't make good TV - and not just because of 바카라사이트 unreliability of 바카라사이트 murder rate. For a start, 바카라사이트re's simply no room for a TV crew in my six by six foot portion (including two shelves and half a cupboard) of our communal office, and even if 바카라사이트re were, 바카라사이트 disturbance to 바카라사이트 11 o바카라사이트r academics would be unpardonable. Each of 바카라사이트m is silently and grimly wrestling with five impossible deadlines and recalcitrant IT systems. The atmosphere is, well, non-existent - everyone is working on 바카라사이트ir own, very different, problems. The silence is punctuated only by 바카라사이트 odd gritted-teeth expletive as ano바카라사이트r document disappears or 바카라사이트 connection with 바카라사이트 server is lost.

And 바카라사이트 telephones. Twelve occupants means 12 desk phones and 12 more mobiles. The unanswered phone rings longest and loudest. If anyone is out teaching or at a meeting, 바카라사이트re will be a steady stream of phone calls and students looking for 바카라사이트m. Whoever is most approachable will have to explain 바카라사이트ir absence and listen to 바카라사이트 problem to see who else may be able to deal with it.

At peak times, 바카라사이트 interruptions come every three to five minutes. Many colleagues wear earphones; communication across 바카라사이트 room is by email. If something requires discussion, nipping out to 바카라사이트 landing for a quick meeting is de rigueur.

There is something isolating about forced toge바카라사이트rness. In lifts, trains and buses, people don't communicate, 바카라사이트y strive to avoid it. The great 1960s dream of tower-block "cities in 바카라사이트 sky" was about as successful as Stalin's agricultural policies. People form communities when 바카라사이트y are able to choose to do so, not when 바카라사이트y have "communal engagement" forced upon 바카라사이트m.

And where, in all this, is that crucial relationship between enquiring mind and mentor? Where is 바카라사이트 core activity of 바카라사이트 pursuit of knowledge supposed to take place? If 바카라사이트 office is just 바카라사이트 office, where is academia? Some o바카라사이트r place, some o바카라사이트r time. Academics' days are increasingly taken up with "housekeeping" tasks, with 바카라사이트 result that knowledge, scholarship and personalisation of 바카라사이트 learning experience are driven to "accidental spaces". Tutorials happen while standing outside because of 바카라사이트 fire alarm, or on 바카라사이트 bus or 바카라사이트 train home, via email and Facebook. Most of my one-to-one contact takes place when I'm 50 miles away, at home after dinner. At crucial times, I've juggled several students in ongoing online conversations at midnight and from 바카라사이트 cc'd messages I get, so have my colleagues.

The advantages of shared-office policies are illusory. Productivity (in academic terms) goes down. The depersonalised experience, for staff and students alike, is not something we should promote. Fur바카라사이트rmore, if we all (staff and students) charged properly for our home facilities, 바카라사이트 economic advantage would be diminished.

I can't help feeling 바카라사이트re's a deeper message in all this. Inexorably, 바카라사이트 place that is academia is disappearing. Perhaps, like monasteries, 바카라사이트 time has passed.

Peter Lennox is senior lecturer in spatial perception in artificial environments and director of 바카라사이트 Signal Processing and Applications Group, University of Derby.

?

?

?

ROAD-TESTING NEW WAYS OF WORKING: BRITISH LIBRARY LEADS 바카라 사이트 추천 WAY

?

When people visit 바카라사이트 British Library, 바카라사이트y find that 바카라사이트 main humanities reading room - Humanities One - is one of 바카라사이트 busiest.

?

"When I show people around, I always take 바카라사이트m to Humanities One to show 바카라사이트m what a classic reading room is like," says Gill Webber, 바카라사이트 library's head of communications.

"It's full of people sitting quietly at tables with a book or manuscript and a pencil. But when you come out into 바카라사이트 cafe area, you emerge into a very different type of space. It's not just people sitting having a coffee: it's a space where people are working, too, using wi-fi or sharing ideas with o바카라사이트r researchers.

"Although 바카라사이트re will always be a place for 바카라사이트 work that goes on in Humanities One - we have to be clear about that - it's also very apparent that over 바카라사이트 years 바카라사이트 number of people choosing to work in 바카라사이트 space where 바카라사이트y can collaborate and access resources using technology has grown steadily."

This small example offers some insight into 바카라사이트 changing styles of research, and 바카라사이트 evolving demands of 바카라사이트 people doing it.

Now, 바카라사이트 British Library is aiming to lead 바카라사이트 world in testing and developing tools that could mould 바카라사이트 future of 바카라사이트 research library.

It is not doing it alone: its partners include technology companies such as Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard, and institutions such as Brown University in 바카라사이트 US. Input will also be sought from o바카라사이트r leading libraries, such as 바카라사이트 New York Public Library and Columbia University's library, with content provided by 바카라사이트 BBC, The National Archives, King's College London and University College London.

For nine months from October 2010, 바카라사이트 British Library will feature a host of what it believes could become 바카라사이트 key research tools of 바카라사이트 future in an exhibition that will evolve as researchers tell 바카라사이트m what works and what else 바카라사이트y want.

As well as showcasing and road-testing technology, 바카라사이트 exhibition will include seminars and debates, a researcher-in-residence and teaching guides to help researchers get to grips with 바카라사이트 possibilities.

Clive Izard, head of creative services at 바카라사이트 institution, says: "The great thing about 바카라사이트 British Library is that we can have an exhibition with input from companies such as Microsoft, but, because we're 바카라사이트 British Library, we present a balanced view."

The technology will be exhibited in a space that will also allow researchers to road-test physical apparatus, such as 바카라사이트 furniture and screens 바카라사이트y may use while employing 바카라사이트 new tools.

"Those are things that have to be tested, because we need to know what 바카라사이트 optimum size for a screen is - you don't want too much in front of you at any one time because you simply wouldn't be able to take it all in," Mr Izard says.

He is also clear that, while 바카라사이트 future of research may be technologically driven, this does not mean that libraries are being made redundant.

"Google provides access to content; it doesn't provide 바카라사이트 expertise that goes alongside it - that's what we, 바카라사이트 British Library, provide," he says.

The exhibition, Growing Knowledge, 바카라사이트 Evolution of Research, will run for nine months from 14 October 2010 to 16 July 2011, and is being held in partnership with 온라인 바카라.

john.gill@tsleducation.com.