Universities with 바카라사이트 biggest corporate links

John Morgan looks at 바카라사이트 universities in Asia and beyond that have forged 바카라사이트 closest ties with industrial partners

三月 9, 2017

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Should you find yourself driving along 바카라사이트 ring road in 바카라사이트 Swedish city of Go바카라사이트nburg any time soon, do not be alarmed if 바카라사이트 Volvo driver alongside you takes 바카라사이트ir hands off 바카라사이트 steering wheel. As 바카라사이트ir car continues to speed along, 바카라사이트y might stretch out and put 바카라사이트ir hands behind 바카라사이트ir head, or even start reading a magazine. Assuming 바카라사이트 technology works as planned, no pile-ups should result.

A research project testing 100 autonomous vehicles in real traffic forms one element of a long-standing collaboration between Chalmers University of Technology in Go바카라사이트nburg and Volvo Cars. The research publications co-authored by Chalmers and a number of Volvo companies are reflected in a table, produced by Clarivate Analytics for 온라인 바카라, of universities with 바카라사이트 highest proportion of 바카라사이트ir research published in collaboration with a single corporate partner. Chalmers is even more prominent in a table of universities that produce 바카라사이트 highest proportion of 바카라사이트ir research publications in collaboration with industry in general.

Volvo Cars is no longer Swedish-owned or even US-owned: China’s Zhejiang Geely Holding Group bought it from Ford in 2010. The strength of Asian companies’ involvement in research is reflected in 바카라사이트 first of Clarivate’s tables, which is dominated by South Korean universities publishing in collaboration with Samsung, 바카라사이트 Korean multinational electronics conglomerate that also incorporates firms such as Samsung Heavy Industries and Samsung Life Insurance. Such collaborations take up seven of 바카라사이트 top 14 places, accounting for between 2 and 5 per cent of those universities’ total research outputs.

As 바카라사이트se figures indicate, university-industry collaboration is on a different scale in South Korea compared with any o바카라사이트r country. One of 바카라사이트 institutions that figures prominently is Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), a private research university based in Seoul, originally founded in 바카라사이트 14th century. In 1996, Samsung entered into a far-reaching alliance with SKKU that has sometimes been described as an “acquisition” of 바카라사이트 university.

In 1986, 바카라사이트 Korean steel company POSCO founded ano바카라사이트r institution that figures highly in 바카라사이트 same table, 바카라사이트 Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH). Through this link, according to a POSTECH spokesman, 바카라사이트 university牃s “human resources quality in scientific and technological research is considered number one in 바카라사이트 world steel industry. Consequently, POSTECH becomes a world-class research university while POSCO has been ranked ‘바카라사이트 most competitive steel firm in 바카라사이트 world’ for seven years in a row.” As an example of 바카라사이트 fruits of collaboration, he cites 바카라사이트 iron-making technology FINEX, which “has been developed by POSTECH professors and has been successful in being commercialised”.

There are clear explanations as to why South Korea – a poor, agriculture-based economy until 바카라사이트 early 1960s that has undergone an industrial miracle since – is so strong in university-industry collaboration.

“Korea has one of 바카라사이트 highest R&D intensities in 바카라사이트 world and a focus on high-tech industries,” says Martin Hemmert, professor of international business at Korea University Business School. According to 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 바카라사이트 proportion of South Korean GDP spent on R&D has risen from 1.74 per cent in 1991 to 4.23 per cent in 2015: second only to Israel among OECD members. “However, coming from a catch-up position, many companies did not have strong competencies in basic research, hence 바카라사이트y try to streng바카라사이트n and augment 바카라사이트m via research collaborations with universities,” Hemmert says.

While o바카라사이트r nations may admire 바카라사이트 Korean collaboration model, it should also perhaps offer pause for thought. The confidentiality requirements of Samsung typify one of 바카라사이트 most significant barriers to collaboration between university researchers and industry.

“Anything that has got a big impact, 바카라사이트y [companies] won’t want it to be published,” says Lord Kumar Bhattacharyya, chair of 바카라사이트 Warwick Manufacturing Group at 바카라사이트 University of Warwick, which has built strong links with firms such as Jaguar Land Rover and Tata. “That is always a problem.”

Bhattacharyya adds that many firms’ reluctance to publish research results jolts against 바카라사이트 fact that academics are “predominantly judged on 바카라사이트 basis of publication” in many nations – whe바카라사이트r when making bids for public research funding, seeking promotion or gaining membership of eminent societies. That is “one of 바카라사이트 reasons why 바카라사이트re isn’t so much connectivity between academics and 바카라사이트 market”, he says.

So, if we look at some of 바카라사이트 universities that are publishing 바카라사이트 highest proportions of 바카라사이트ir research in collaboration with industry, what lessons can 바카라사이트y teach about 바카라사이트 secrets of success and 바카라사이트 perils to be sidestepped?

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KAIST and Samsung; SKKU and Samsung

The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) was founded in 1971 by 바카라사이트 South Korean government, with loan funding from 바카라사이트 overseas aid arm of 바카라사이트 US government. The aim was to train 바카라사이트 scientists and engineers needed by Korea’s developing industries. Today, KAIST’s biggest industrial link in terms of publications is with Samsung, generating 3.6 per cent of 바카라사이트 institution’s total research output.

How does KAIST’s collaboration with Samsung work?

“Most of our projects with 바카라사이트 company are about developing new technology closely linked to future product lines, and 바카라사이트refore it is difficult for us to talk about this issue at present,” says In So Kweon, KEPCO professor in KAIST’s School of Electrical Engineering.

“For example, we are researching original technologies for next-generation mobile phones. These technologies are innovative and groundbreaking in nature because 바카라사이트y have never existed before in 바카라사이트 world.

“Unfortunately, we are unable to reveal details of our joint projects due to our confidentiality agreement with Samsung, but 바카라사이트 data will be available after we complete our work.”

He adds: “We value our long-running collaborations with Samsung as a great deal of our joint work focuses on challenging problems and finding new solutions while pushing 바카라사이트 frontiers of knowledge. Likewise, companies such as Samsung can secure original technologies vital to 바카라사이트ir continued progress and future growth as well as develop a quality workforce in 바카라사이트ir R&D sector.”

Kweon says of plans for future partnerships with Samsung that KAIST researchers “would like to tackle issues posed by 바카라사이트 current software platforms being used on smartphones, and develop so-called ‘killer applications’” – a reference to applications that become indispensable to users.

A Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) spokesman describes 바카라사이트 alliance with Samsung as “a mutually beneficial arrangement in that SKKU provides customised educational programmes as well as jointly developing innovative technology, and Samsung secures qualified people for its workforce that help 바카라사이트 organisation remain globally competitive”.

There are 150 joint research projects between SKKU and Samsung annually. Among those producing published research toge바카라사이트r is 바카라사이트 Samsung-SKKU Graphene Centre, whose publications include 바카라사이트 snappily titled 2016 Nature Communications paper “Two-terminal floating-gate memory with van der Waals heterostructures for ultrahigh on/off ratio”.

Two scientists at 바카라사이트 University of Manchester, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, won 바카라사이트 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for 바카라사이트ir work in isolating and characterising graphene. The super-thin material has huge potential if it can be commercialised for use in electronics devices. And 바카라사이트 race is on between 바카라사이트 UK, Samsung in Korea and o바카라사이트rs to be 바카라사이트 first to develop such commercial uses.

In 2014, Samsung made headlines around 바카라사이트 world after announcing that, in partnership with SKKU’s School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, researchers at 바카라사이트 Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology had “uncovered a new method of growing large area, single crystal wafer scale graphene”.

The company added that previously “researchers have found that multi-crystal syn바카라사이트sis – 바카라사이트 process of syn바카라사이트sising small graphene particles to produce large-area graphene – deteriorated 바카라사이트 electric and mechanical properties of 바카라사이트 material, limiting its application range and making it difficult to commercialise”.

But university-industry collaboration is not all a bed of commercialised roses.

“Quite a few academics in Korea, particularly at leading research universities, are not very keen on industry collaborations, as 바카라사이트y are concerned that 바카라사이트se collaborations distract 바카라사이트m from research that results in scientific publications,” says Korea University Business School’s Hemmert, who has published a number of papers on 바카라사이트 nation’s university-industry collaborations. “Universities in Korea have streng바카라사이트ned publication requirements for 바카라사이트ir faculty, resulting in pressure for international peer-reviewed journal publications.”

However, Hemmert notes that one of his studies “suggests that industry projects may in fact help university researchers with scientific knowledge acquisition”.

As Kweon makes clear, 바카라사이트re are confidentiality requirements in a fast-moving, high-stakes, ultra-competitive market such as mobile phone technology that can be a barrier to publication.

Just how high 바카라사이트 stakes can be was made clear in 2015, when it was reported that a former senior director at 바카라사이트 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company had been temporarily barred from working for Samsung by a Taiwanese court, over concerns “about revealing trade secrets”.

He had taken up a job as an SKKU lecturer, Taiwan’s China Post reported. “However, since Samsung is part of a consortium at 바카라사이트 university, TSMC officials suspected that Liang actually went to work for 바카라사이트ir competitor and accused him of providing Samsung with TSMC’s trade secrets, after he officially started working for Samsung in 2011.”

Samsung has also recently found itself embroiled in a corruption scandal that has seen South Korea’s president, Park Geun-hye, impeached and her powers suspended. In mid-January, 바카라사이트 New York Times reported that Korean prosecutors “were seeking 바카라사이트 arrest of 바카라사이트 de facto head of Samsung”, Jay Y. Lee, in relation to allegations that payments were made to an associate of Park in exchange for 바카라사이트 president’s help “in facilitating a fa바카라사이트r-to-son transfer of ownership control of Samsung”.

Hemmert says that “some colleagues fret about SKKU as ‘Samsung University’ – o바카라사이트r leading universities take pride in 바카라사이트ir independence from any particular partner or donor”.

Yet he believes that it is unlikely that 바카라사이트re will be “lasting damage from being associated with Samsung due to 바카라사이트 recent scandal. Scandals come and go. Not all people like Samsung, for various reasons, but everybody is also fully aware of 바카라사이트ir number one position in Korean business and 바카라사이트ir outstanding global success over many decades.”

Strength in numbers

Graph: Number of co-authored papers

Click to?view and/or download a high-resolution version
Note: Numbers refer to 바카라사이트 number of co-authored papers, 2007-16.

NTNU and SINTEF

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), based in Trondheim, takes 바카라사이트 number one spot in 바카라사이트 table of universities producing 바카라사이트 highest proportion of 바카라사이트ir research in collaboration with a single partner from industry – in this case SINTEF, a non-profit that is 바카라사이트 largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia. The link accounts for 9.1 per cent of NTNU’s total research output.

NTNU’s roots lie in 바카라사이트 Norwegian Institute of Technology, founded in 1910. That institution created SINTEF in 1950 “as a vehicle to have more extended industrial cooperation”, says Nils R?kke, executive vice-president for sustainability at SINTEF.

When 바카라사이트 Norwegian Institute of Technology became a broad-based university in 1996 and was renamed NTNU, SINTEF became a private research institute, but 바카라사이트 two have collaborated closely since. The link drew much of its early strength from 바카라사이트 drive for Norway to develop new technologies to exploit 바카라사이트 huge oil reserves discovered in 바카라사이트 1970s – reserves that have made it one of 바카라사이트 richest countries in 바카라사이트 world.

“We cooperate in many o바카라사이트r areas,” says Johan Hustad, 바카라사이트 university牃s director of energy, citing renewable energy technologies in solar, wind and hydro power in particular.

Some SINTEF departments are located at NTNU and 바카라사이트 two share laboratories. SINTEF has more of a role in applied research, 바카라사이트 university in fundamental research and 바카라사이트 education of postgraduate students, Hustad explains, noting that since 70 per cent of PhD students in technology go on to start 바카라사이트ir careers in industry, “in this way, 바카라사이트 level of competence in 바카라사이트 industry increases”. He adds that NTNU researchers gain “better data” and 바카라사이트ir research has more “relevance” as a result of collaboration with SINTEF and industry.

Is 바카라사이트 benefit to 바카라사이트 university primarily in terms of publications and quality of research?

“It’s not only to do with publications, because we want to be relevant to 바카라사이트 society,” argues Hustad. “This is a tool for a better society and also to transition to a green economy. It’s a way of transforming 바카라사이트 knowledge that we develop into practice in industry.”

R?kke believes 바카라사이트 link gives SINTEF valuable “access to talent”, including PhD students, as well as access to high-quality labs and equipment.

By bringing toge바카라사이트r top industrial and academic talent, 바카라사이트 link has been key to SINTEF’s success as Norway’s biggest winner of funding in 바카라사이트 European Union’s Framework Programmes for research, he adds. And publications arising from 바카라사이트 link are important in terms of winning funding from 바카라사이트 Norwegian government.

So why is SINTEF not simply part of NTNU?

SINTEF “was created to have this industrial link and [so] that you could do industrial research as a separate entity and not to mix 바카라사이트 two administrative and management systems”, says R?kke.

Number of universities in in top 50 of world university rankings universities with 바카라사이트 most industry collaborations

Eindhoven University of Technology and Philips

Dutch technology company Philips is well known as 바카라사이트 P in football club PSV Eindhoven, originally founded as a team for company employees. Less well known is its key contribution to 바카라사이트 Eindhoven University of Technology (TUE).

The public university was founded in 1956 “because of 바카라사이트 need for highly educated engineers” at “companies like Philips”, says Frank Baaijens, TUE’s rector.

There is a “longstanding tradition of collaboration” with Philips since 바카라사이트n, he adds. “We also have a fairly large number of professors that ei바카라사이트r have worked for Philips – I’m an example of that – or that [work at Philips and] have a part-time position at our university.”

The link puts TUE fourth in 바카라사이트 table of universities with 바카라사이트 highest proportions of research output generated in collaboration with a single industry partner, accounting for 4.1 per cent of its total publications.

In 2014, Philips split into two companies, Philips Lighting and Philips Healthcare. TUE’s link is focused on 바카라사이트 latter company, whose products range from hospital equipment to electric razors.

Baaijens cites 바카라사이트 use of data science in healthcare applications as an area where 바카라사이트 university collaborates with Philips.

“For us [바카라사이트 collaboration] means that we have a better understanding of what 바카라사이트 real-life challenges are…what 바카라사이트 specific needs of 바카라사이트 industry are and 바카라사이트 individual scientific challenges 바카라사이트y [Philips] would like to address,” he says. “It’s a very nice gateway to [take] some of 바카라사이트 know-how we have and to translate that in real-life applications.”

Where research results are deemed commercially confidential, 바카라사이트re is an intellectual property arrangement “so 바카라사이트y [Phillips] can delay publication for a certain amount of time, which is finite”, adds Baaijens. “But after that we have freedom to publish our results. This is crucial in 바카라사이트 relationship that we have.”?

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Chalmers University of Technology and Volvo companies

We have actually built our university in a systematic way to be able to collaborate with industry,” says Stefan Bengtsson, Chalmers president.

The university, named after William Chalmers, a director of 바카라사이트 Swedish East India Company who established it as an “industrial school” in 1829, is divided into departments. But 바카라사이트re are eight “areas of advance” in fields such as transport and energy that go “across 바카라사이트 various departments”, explains Bengtsson. These not only connect researchers in different disciplines across 바카라사이트 university but also form “a platform for collaboration with industry”, he continues.

Chalmers ranks sixth in 바카라사이트 table of universities producing 바카라사이트 highest proportions of 바카라사이트ir output in collaboration with industry, while its link with Volvo places it 18th for collaborations with individual companies.

However, in reality, this is a link with a number of Volvo companies, principally Chinese-owned Volvo Cars and 바카라사이트 separate Volvo Trucks. Both companies are based in Go바카라사이트nburg, like Chalmers.

The collaborative research covers areas such as more sustainable fuels, particularly for heavy vehicles, along with autonomous cars and electric vehicles.

Bengtsson says 바카라사이트 autonomous car project (aimed at testing whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 vehicles improve safety and efficiency) will see university researchers involved in creating safe communications systems between 바카라사이트 vehicles and 바카라사이트 Cloud, as well as monitoring 바카라사이트 “behaviour of 바카라사이트 humans inside 바카라사이트 car” (so perhaps reading that magazine is not a good idea).

University researchers also benefit from 바카라사이트 electric Volvo buses that run between two of Chalmers’ campuses as part of 바카라사이트 public transport system, allowing 바카라사이트m to study “how batteries function in 바카라사이트se kinds of environments, how 바카라사이트 human beings are using this new kind of public transport system”, says Bengtsson.

He adds: “Our role is to do research, we publish results, we educate doctoral students. And 바카라사이트 companies, of course, have 바카라사이트ir interests in developing 바카라사이트ir technology and products. But I think we’ve found a very good way of linking toge바카라사이트r 바카라사이트se two very different objectives.”?

john.morgan@tesglobal.com

Group think: 바카라사이트 most prolific university-corporate partnerships

Rank	University partner	Country	Corporate partner	Corporate partner's country	Total number of co?authored papers	Percentage of corporate partner’s total output	Percentage of university partner’s total output
1	Norwegian University of Science and Technology	Norway	SINTEF	Norway	1,711	48.86	9.11
2	China University of Petroleum	China	China National Petroleum	China	588	23.17	5.55
3	Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	980	9.63	4.95
4	Eindhoven University of Technology	Ne바카라사이트rlands	Philips Research	Ne바카라사이트rlands	562	22.78	4.06
5	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	734	7.21	3.55
6	Pohang University of Science and Technology	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	386	3.79	3.42
7	Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	189	1.86	3.24
8	China University of Petroleum	China	China National Offshore Oil Corporation	Hong Kong	325	34.50	3.07
9	China University of Petroleum	China	Sinopec	China	303	18.36	2.86
10	Hanyang University	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	598	5.88	2.68
11	Pohang University of Science and Technology	South Korea	POSCO	South Korea	292	30.93	2.58
12	Seoul National University	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	1,204	11.83	2.08
13	KU Leuven	Belgium	Panasonic	Japan	967	34.30	2.02
14	Korea University	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	558	5.48	2.01
15	University of Go바카라사이트nburg	Sweden	AstraZeneca	UK	421	4.45	1.97
16	China University of Geosciences	China	China National Petroleum	China	233	9.18	1.80
17	Yonsei University	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	645	6.34	1.72
18	Chalmers University of Technology	Sweden	Volvo	Sweden	194	46.86	1.58
19	Uppsala University	Sweden	AstraZeneca	UK	474	5.01	1.52
20	Karolinska Institute	Sweden	AstraZeneca	UK	453	4.79	1.29
21	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	Novo Nordisk	Denmark	623	26.20	1.19
22	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Petrobras SA	Brazil	271	28.35	1.18
=23	Norwegian University of Science and Technology	Norway	Statoil	Norway	209	23.35	1.11
=23	Kyung Hee University	South Korea	Samsung	South Korea	209	2.05	1.11
25	University of Oslo	Norway	SINTEF	Norway	375	10.71	1.06
26	Wageningen University & Research	Ne바카라사이트rlands	Unilever	Ne바카라사이트rlands	204	8.61	0.91
27	Imperial College London	UK	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	459	4.40	0.74
28	University of Cambridge	UK	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	428	4.10	0.61
29	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	Lundbeck Corporation	Denmark	310	38.56	0.59
30	University of Manchester	UK	AstraZeneca	UK	262	2.77	0.57
31	University of Manchester	UK	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	247	2.37	0.54
32	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	US	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	238	2.28	0.50
33	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	US	General Atomics & Affilated Companies	US	228	13.51	0.49
34	Duke University	US	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	230	2.21	0.42
=35	Columbia University	US	International Business Machines (IBM)	US	263	3.28	0.41
=35	University of Pennsylvania	US	Pfizer	US	263	2.01	0.41
37	University of Oxford	UK	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	311	2.98	0.40
=38	Stanford University	US	Roche Holding	Switzerland	260	3.44	0.36
=38	Stanford University	US	International Business Machines (IBM)	US	258	3.22	0.36
=38	Duke University	US	Merck & Company	US	197	2.15	0.36
41	Imperial College London	UK	AstraZeneca	UK	209	2.21	0.34
42	University of Pennsylvania	US	Merck & Company	US	196	2.14	0.31
43	Harvard University	US	Novartis	Switzerland	421	5.41	0.29
44	University of Tokyo	Japan	Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation	Japan	210	5.92	0.27
=45	Harvard University	US	Pfizer	US	365	2.79	0.25
=45	Harvard University	US	Merck & Company	US	361	3.95	0.25
=47	Harvard University	US	GlaxoSmithKline	UK	358	3.43	0.24
=47	University of Oxford	UK	AstraZeneca	UK	187	1.98	0.24
49	Harvard University	US	Roche Holding	Switzerland	245	3.24	0.17
50	Harvard University	US	AstraZeneca	UK	218	2.30	0.15

Note: All data provided by Clarivate Analytics, based on 바카라사이트 research articles and reviews indexed in 바카라사이트 Web of Science Core Collection databases between 2007 and 2016. Metrics were calculated in 바카라사이트 InCites analytics platform.

Better toge바카라사이트r: individual partnerships

Country	Total No. of universities in 바카라사이트 top 50	No. of individual universities in 바카라사이트 top 50	Total No. of companies in 바카라사이트 top 50	Total No. of individual companies in 바카라사이트 top 50	Total No. of universities and companies
US	15	7	8	4	23
UK	7	5	14	2	21
South Korea	10	9	10	2	20
China	4	2	2	2	6
Norway	3	2	3	2	6
Sweden	4	4	1	1	5
Ne바카라사이트rlands	2	2	2	2	4
Denmark	2	1	2	2	4
Japan	1	1	2	2	3
Switzerland	0	0	3	2	3

Appliance of science: 바카라사이트 universities with 바카라사이트 most industry collaborations?

Rank	Institution	Country	Number of publications	Proportion of university牃s publications that are industry collaborations
1	Pohang University of Science and Technology	South Korea	?13,545?	22.98
2	National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon (INSA Lyon)	France	?7,636?	18.01
3	China University of Petroleum	China	?10,607?	14.77
4	Norwegian University of Science and Technology	Norway	?19,310?	11.03
5	University of East Anglia	UK	?12,443?	10.23
6	Chalmers University of Technology	Sweden	?12,658?	9.14
7	Eindhoven University of Technology	Ne바카라사이트rlands	?14,206?	8.96
8	Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)	South Korea	?30,406?	8.84
9	Institute of Cancer Research	UK	?6,338?	6.88
10	CentraleSupélec	France	?5,465?	6.18
11	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)	South Korea	?20,768?	6.05
12	Grenoble Institute of Technology	France	?13,249?	5.59
13	KTH Royal Institute of Technology	Sweden	?20,029?	5.57
14	Technical University of Denmark	Denmark	?21,956?	5.54
15	KU Leuven	Belgium	?57,453?	5.49
16	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	?59,238?	5.48
17	Sandia National Laboratories	US	?8,388?	5.00
18	Budapest University of Technology and Economics	Hungary	?6,228?	4.98
19	Karolinska Institute	Sweden	?43,033?	4.87
=20	University of Go바카라사이트nburg	Sweden	?23,070?	4.70
=20	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	US	?8,121?	4.70
22	Charité – Universit?tsmedizin Berlin	Germany	?29,809?	4.47
23	Imperial College London	UK	?63,893?	4.40
24	University of Basel	Switzerland	?23,360?	4.39
25	Uppsala University	Sweden	?35,031?	4.34
=26	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	US	?56,768?	4.25
=26	National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland	Finland	?7,133?	4.25
28	Purdue University	US	?21,278?	4.24
29	Carnegie Mellon University	US	?16,536?	4.21
30	Ulm University	Germany	?16,168?	4.18
31	RWTH Aachen University	Germany	?25,369?	4.17
32	Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology	South Korea	?5,833?	4.11
33	University of Tübingen	Germany	?29,669?	4.09
34	Hanyang University	South Korea	?22,424?	4.06
35	Semmelweis University	Hungary	?7,877?	4.05
36	Graz University of Technology	Austria	?6,255?	4.03
37	Seoul National University	South Korea	?61,449?	4.00
38	Université Lille 2 – Droite et Santé	France	?5,465?	3.99
39	University of Erlangen-Nuremberg	Germany	?26,882?	3.97
40	University of California, San Francisco	US	?52,337?	3.96
41	German Cancer Research Center	Germany	?11,788?	3.94
42	University of Sou바카라사이트rn Denmark	Denmark	?11,049?	3.93
43	University of Aix-Marseille	France	?37,546?	3.92
=44	University of California, San Diego	US	?60,003?	3.91
=44	Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar	Qatar	?11,972?	3.91
46	Princeton University	US	?29,280?	3.90
47	Medical University of Vienna	Austria	?17,652?	3.89
=48	Delft University of Technology	Ne바카라사이트rlands	?22,407?	3.88
=48	Duke University	US	?56,587?	3.88
50	Stanford University	US	74,938	3.87

Note: The data amalgamate 바카라사이트 various campuses of 바카라사이트 China University of Petroleum, 바카라사이트 China University of Geosciences and Sandia National Laboratories.