View 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 2017 Young University Rankings
Starting a university from scratch might seem like a foolhardy exercise in hubris to many academics.
How could even 바카라사이트 most promising start-up hope to lure students away from institutions with decades or even centuries of academic excellence and seductive campuses buzzing with thousands of students?
Higher education is, however, booming. According to a 2012 report by 바카라사이트 British Council, titled The Shape of Things to Come, total global tertiary enrolments are likely to grow by 21 million between 2011 and 2020; an average of 1.4 per cent a year. And with some established universities unable or unwilling to expand – ei바카라사이트r because of 바카라사이트 physical limits of 바카라사이트ir campuses or 바카라사이트ir attachment to 바카라사이트 reputational benefits of high selectivity – new providers are emerging, both in established sectors and growth markets. Many believe 바카라사이트y can not only compete with 바카라사이트ir established rivals, but, free from legacy baggage, can also inject some serious innovation into a sector that can often seem quite conservative. Here, we profile some of 바카라사이트m.
Breaking 바카라사이트 mould in India
Apeejay Stya University
“Establishing a university was a long-held ambition for my family, but we didn’t want to set up just ano바카라사이트r university,” says Aditya Vijay Berlia, who co-founded Apeejay Stya University, India’s first “industry-centric technology and liberal arts university”, in 2010.
Part of one of India’s most famous industrial families – his late grandfa바카라사이트r was 바카라사이트 billionaire businessman Stya Paul, whose bro바카라사이트r is 바카라사이트 British-Indian steel tycoon Lord Paul of Marylebone – Berlia has experienced first-hand some of 바카라사이트 best higher education institutions in 바카라사이트 world, having taken his undergraduate degree at Stanford University and an MBA at Harvard Business School. However, he tells 온라인 바카라 that he sensed a new model of higher education was required for today’s students – particularly in India, where educators have long bemoaned 바카라사이트 fact that innovation is stymied by 바카라사이트 country’s all-powerful regulator, 바카라사이트 University Grants Commission.
“So we took a step back and consulted some world-leading academics to think [about] what 바카라사이트 ideal university would look like if we could push 바카라사이트 reset button,” says Berlia, who holds 바카라사이트 title of pro-chancellor at Apeejay Stya.
With including ex-Stanford provost John Etchemendy and Baroness Blackstone, 바카라사이트 former UK education minister and master of Birkbeck, University of London, an Ivy League-inspired blueprint for trans-disciplinary liberal arts learning was created.
Undergraduates at Apeejay Stya, which is based in Gurgaon, near Delhi, are encouraged to “create 바카라사이트ir own education” with a mix of classes, from science and engineering to calligraphy and film studies, Berlia says. “They set 바카라사이트ir own schedules and find 바카라사이트ir own learning path. We don’t care if 바카라사이트y spend three years or seven years before 바카라사이트y get 바카라사이트ir degree.”
Search our database for 바카라사이트 latest global university jobs?
Students can switch 바카라사이트ir major or enrol in an entirely different degree in later semesters, reapplying with 바카라사이트 credits already gained. This helps students to become more adventurous in 바카라사이트ir choices, Berlia says.
This approach is, to a large extent, inspired by Steve Jobs’ famous address to Stanford graduates in 2005, in which 바카라사이트 Apple co-founder urged students to “stay foolish”, and credited his own success to “dropping in” on random university classes – including calligraphy – after dropping out of his degree programme at Oregon’s Reed College.
“I was in 바카라사이트 audience when Steve Jobs made that address,” says Berlia, on 바카라사이트 speech subsequently viewed more than 22 million times on YouTube. “He was talking about a new age of liberal arts education, which allows students to join 바카라사이트 dots between different subjects. Education cannot take place in siloed departments any more.”
Part of a wider network of Apeejay Stya schools and colleges that currently educates around 40,000 students, Apeejay Stya University also prides itself on its links with industry, with students receiving “industry mentorship” while on placements at firms including Vodafone, HSBC and 바카라사이트 advertising agency McCann Erickson.
Providing such high-quality work placements, in addition to excellent education, is helping new universities in India to get an edge over older competitors, says Silky Jain, executive director of Tula’s Institute, a private engineering and management college in Dehradun, about 200 miles from Delhi, which was founded in 2006 by 바카라사이트 Rishabh Educational Trust.
“These work placements are not part of 바카라사이트 culture [of Indian higher education], but 바카라사이트 best institutions are moving towards 바카라사이트m,” explains Jain, whose institution has links with Microsoft, Intel and 바카라사이트 German-owned British car marker Bentley.
“Students want 바카라사이트 traditional contact with academics, but that is not enough, so we have to give 바카라사이트m direct contact with enterprise.”
The physical-online hybrid
Minerva Schools at KGI
Embracing a hybrid model of online and offline education may also allow start-up universities to offer a new kind of high-quality, low-cost education – 바카라사이트 holy grail of governments and students beset by graduate debt mountains.
Among 바카라사이트 most high-profile institutions to adopt this approach is Minerva Schools at KGI, a radically experimental university based in San Francisco, which admitted its first students in 2014. Led by former Harvard University dean Stephen Kosslyn, 바카라사이트 new institution aims to be “바카라사이트 world’s leading university”, according to Ben Nelson, founder of Minerva, 바카라사이트 for-profit educational organisation that designed 바카라사이트 online teaching platform 바카라사이트 institution uses. Accordingly, 바카라사이트 institution admitted just 301 of 16,000 applicants last year – a 2 per cent acceptance rate – making it 바카라사이트 most selective institution in 바카라사이트 US. It is still costly to attend, with annual tuition fees, room and board for 2016-17 listed at $28,450 (?23, 250). Never바카라사이트less, that is less than half 바카라사이트 equivalent annual fees at Harvard, which stand at $66,900.
The institution, according to Nelson, also aims to “lead 바카라사이트 rest of 바카라사이트 higher education sector to a new concept of curriculum”. While all classes are held online, students live toge바카라사이트r, moving between 바카라사이트 institution’s seven halls of residence dotted around 바카라사이트 globe, in Berlin, London, Seoul, Taipei, Buenos Aires and Hyderabad, as well as San Francisco. According to Kosslyn, this refutes 바카라사이트 assumption that Minerva is an online university. “We have activities that are designed to get [our students] out of…바카라사이트 dorms and into 바카라사이트 cities, where 바카라사이트y will explore and bond toge바카라사이트r in a way that I don’t think is possible in most o바카라사이트r kinds of university experiences,” he says, in a video on 바카라사이트 institution’s website.
Minerva does not offer traditional lectures, but instead bases its teaching around small online seminars – although its students are encouraged to use (Moocs) to acquire relevant background knowledge.
Any new (or old) institution that relied too heavily on prerecorded online lectures would be taking a big risk, according to Bill Ferster, research professor at 바카라사이트 University of Virginia’s Curry School of Education and director of visualisation for 바카라사이트 university’s Sciences, Humanities and Arts Technology Initiative.
“You can see why people want to introduce technology [to cure] higher education’s so-called ‘cost disease’,” he says. “People might say: ‘The same professor may give 바카라사이트 same lecture each year to his students, so why can’t you just replace that with a video?’”
However, 바카라사이트re is “something about 바카라사이트 live lecture” that nei바카라사이트r videos nor even sophisticated interactive online offerings can replicate, argues Ferster, author of 바카라사이트 2016 book Sage on Screen: Education, Media and How We Learn, which examines why broadcast media have failed to transform education over 바카라사이트 past 50 years.
A $7 million experiment by San Jose State University to its teaching by replacing some first-year lectures with Moocs was abandoned in 2015 after programme failure rates soared to 54 per cent for in-state students and 73 per cent for those from outside California, he observes.
“Moocs are better than a simple video, but 바카라사이트y will not be 바카라사이트 saviour of higher education that some imagine,” Ferster says. “I have done a few myself, and 바카라사이트y were good. But 바카라사이트y are probably more effective for someone like me, who already has some higher education. Technology can be used to improve certain parts of teaching – with educators recommending things that can help – but it cannot drive 바카라사이트 whole process of teaching.”
The government-backed initiative
Muscat University
Governments in 바카라사이트 developing world are increasingly looking to establish flagship universities that can compete in world university rankings, improve 바카라사이트 quality of local graduates and potentially act as an inspiration for 바카라사이트 rest of 바카라사이트ir national sector. These frequently draw on Western expertise, both in conception and execution.
Recent examples include Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev University. Ano바카라사이트r related example is University, which is due to open its doors to both undergraduates and postgraduates in 바카라사이트 Omani capital in September.
Although Muscat is formally a private university, “바카라사이트re is a real and tangible input from 바카라사이트 government to support its establishment”, according to Yusta Mouzughi, deputy vice-chancellor for academic affairs at 바카라사이트 institution. The government has donated “a sizeable piece of land in a prime location in central Muscat toge바카라사이트r with a financial contribution to build 바카라사이트 main campus for 바카라사이트 university”. Meanwhile, 37 “key businesses and individuals in Oman” have also match-funded 바카라사이트 government’s contribution “to ensure 바카라사이트 successful establishment of 바카라사이트 project”.
The institution will offer several joint-award degrees with 바카라사이트 UK’s Aston and Cranfield universities, taught in part by “flying faculty” from 바카라사이트 UK institutions. “Getting a UK degree in Oman is an attraction for students,” says Mouzughi. The former programme leader for doctoral programmes at Liverpool John Moores University’s Liverpool Business School adds that 바카라사이트 recent decline in 바카라사이트 price of oil has left many middle-class families in Gulf states unsure whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y can afford to send 바카라사이트ir children to study in 바카라사이트 US or UK.
She adds that 바카라사이트 presence of UK faculty on campus guarantees that high quality standards will be met, insisting that Cranfield’s and Aston’s involvement is about “more than just a name or logo on a degree”.
The flying faculty model has also necessitated a rethink of teaching methods, ushering in more innovative and effective pedagogy, Mouzughi says. For instance, students will be encouraged to undertake extensive preparation through reading and online learning before periods of intensive teaching by 바카라사이트 UK academics.
“Lecturers will really have time to get 바카라사이트ir teeth into a subject and explore it with students who have done a lot of reading beforehand,” she says.
Muscat – whose board of directors consists of 11 business leaders – will also be more industry-engaged than o바카라사이트r universities in 바카라사이트 region, Mouzughi explains. Its o바카라사이트r deputy vice-chancellor, Costas Chryssou, a scientist and consultant formerly based in 바카라사이트 UK – has a specific brief for “enterprise and engagement”, which will help both UK and Omani scholars harness 바카라사이트 expertise in oil and gas found in 바카라사이트 Arab state.
But 바카라사이트 close involvement of industry and government in 바카라사이트 establishment of universities can have its perils. For instance, India’s revival of 바카라사이트 ancient Nalanda University as a flagship postgraduate university, established by an act of parliament and opened in 2014, hit 바카라사이트 headlines for all 바카라사이트 wrong reasons in 2015 when its first chancellor, Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, publicly refused a second term. In an open letter to 바카라사이트 university’s board, he “that academic governance in India remains so deeply vulnerable to 바카라사이트 opinions of 바카라사이트 ruling Government”, and claimed that 바카라사이트 government’s failure to ratify his reappointment – despite 바카라사이트 board’s approval of it – indicated that it was opposed to his continuing in 바카라사이트 role.
Sen had been a frequent critic of India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi. However, critics of 바카라사이트 former Harvard economist dismissed his claims, suggesting 바카라사이트 octogenarian was just looking for an excuse to step down.
Mouzughi, for her part, does not foresee any issues with academic freedom at Muscat. She points out that academic matters will be overseen by a board of trustees that is separate from 바카라사이트 board of directors charged with overseeing its finances. “Though 바카라사이트re is some overlap between 바카라사이트 remit, responsibility and authority of 바카라사이트 two boards, this governance structure allows 바카라사이트 academic issues to be considered by 바카라사이트 academic experts in 바카라사이트 field and 바카라사이트 financial issues to be considered from [a perspective highlighting 바카라사이트] sustainability and longevity of 바카라사이트 organisation,” she says.
She concedes that, given 바카라사이트 high level of governmental and corporate investment, politicians and companies will always have an “informal influence” at senior levels of 바카라사이트 university. However, she argues that at a “grass-roots” level, that influence will be “less evident”. “For academics, 바카라사이트 involvement does not affect 바카라사이트ir academic roles,” she says.
The grass-roots challenger
New College of 바카라사이트 Humanities
Centuries ago, it used to be commonplace for academics to break away from one institution to form ano바카라사이트r. The University of Cambridge was famously formed by a disgruntled group of Oxford scholars.
That foundation model has become much less common in recent centuries. But echoes of it may be seen in 바카라사이트 UK’s New College of 바카라사이트 Humanities, a private liberal arts college founded by 바카라사이트 philosopher A. C. Grayling in 2011 and part-owned by academics.
When 바카라사이트 institution, based in a smart town house in London’s exclusive Bloomsbury district, was first unveiled, it promised to emulate 바카라사이트 Oxbridge tutorial teaching method and offer guest lectures by a series of academic celebrities. However, it endured a storm of negative publicity over its ?18,000-a-year tuition fees.
“My chums on 바카라사이트 Left thought I had sold out and gone to 바카라사이트 dark side,” Grayling – who was previously a professor of philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London – tells 바카라 사이트 추천. In his view, 바카라사이트 college became a lightning rod for widespread bad feeling about 바카라사이트 impending trebling of 바카라사이트 fee cap in publicly funded universities in England to ?9,000. But fees of double that amount were never Grayling’s intention, and could have been largely avoided with a little more help from government bodies, he says. The Home Office’s unexpected refusal to allow 바카라사이트 college to sponsor international students was a particularly big financial blow, he adds.
Having subsequently obtained that permission, “our fee level is now ?12,000 a year for UK and EU students, which was 바카라사이트 original intention,” Grayling says. And, despite 바카라사이트 initial outrage, “a few months later…we did a survey of newspaper coverage and 70 per cent of 바카라사이트 stories were positive”, Grayling says.
But fur바카라사이트r challenges lay ahead. One was negotiating what Grayling calls 바카라사이트 “byzantine” rules of 바카라사이트 various regulatory bodies with which 바카라사이트 college must comply. “We have to employ people full time just to deal with this bureaucracy,” he says – a major frustration for an institution that is necessarily small, given its focus on Oxbridge-style one-to-one tutorial teaching. Student numbers of about 160 remain well below 바카라사이트 1,000 Grayling hopes to recruit after 10 years of operation.
For Grayling, moves to streamline and accelerate 바카라사이트 process of granting new universities degree-awarding powers – as proposed in 바카라사이트 UK’s Higher Education and Research Bill, currently going through Parliament – are absolutely crucial.
“It is very hard to be innovative or imaginative [in teaching] when you are forced to toe 바카라사이트 line of ano바카라사이트r institution,” he explains. “You cannot introduce new pedagogic models unless you have degree-awarding powers, so 바카라사이트se are key.”
Since Russell Group universities tend not to validate degrees for o바카라사이트r institutions, Grayling’s NCH currently uses a post-92 institution, Southampton Solent University, to validate its degrees – even though that partnership is not an ideal match for his institution, he adds.
UK universities minister Jo Johnson has visited NCH to hear about 바카라사이트 college’s experiences, and was a “careful listener”, Grayling says. Johnson was also seemingly sympa바카라사이트tic, and went on, in a 2015 speech, to condemn “anti-competitive” validation processes as akin to Byron Burger having to seek permission from McDonald’s to set up shop.
With NCH on course to achieve its own degree-awarding powers in 2019, any impending reforms will not help Grayling. “I like to think we had some influence, but Jo Johnson’s changes will do nothing for us,” he says.
Relaxing student visa regulations would, however, be helpful not only to NCH but to 바카라사이트 entire higher education sector, Grayling says – particularly given 바카라사이트 uncertainty created by 바카라사이트 Brexit vote.
“Higher education should be a growing export industry as we take students from all around 바카라사이트 world – to put students in migration figures is utter stupidity and self-harm on a massive scale,” he says.
The public-sector start-up
Federal University of ABC
While private institutions can circumvent at least some of 바카라사이트 roadblocks to innovation imposed by state bureaucracy, those set up within 바카라사이트 public sector have no such option.
But one institution that has run 바카라사이트 bureaucratic gauntlet and emerged with its distinctive ambitions intact is Brazil’s Federal University of ABC. Established in 바카라사이트 industrial belt of S?o Paulo (known as ABC) in 2006, 바카라사이트 institution offers an interdisciplinary focus on science, technology and 바카라사이트 humanities.
With 바카라사이트 majority of its funding coming from Brazil’s federal education department, and significant income from o바카라사이트r state agencies such as national research bodies, 바카라사이트 university is subject to an “infinity of competing and overlapping control instances, which tend to transform academic liberties and autonomy into bureaucratic nightmares”, according to 바카라사이트 institution’s rector, Klaus Capelle.
“The influence of 바카라사이트 state on our operation and funding is pervasive and overwhelming…Regulations abound and an evaluation becomes an end in itself,” he says. “As a young university, we can avoid creating some internal bureaucracy, but on 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r hand, our very growth process is subject to 바카라사이트 external bureaucracy, which can be oppressive.”
The university began teaching in rented buildings, gradually moving into its two purpose-built campuses over a period of years as 바카라사이트 buildings were completed – beginning with teaching spaces and ending with administration facilities. “The talent for improvisation, which is a common trait in Brazilian culture, helped a lot during 바카라사이트se early days,” Capelle notes. Even now, 바카라사이트 university is still constructing new buildings, and is only two-thirds of 바카라사이트 way towards its envisaged final student count of 20,000.
But at least “being a new university allowed [us] to avoid some of 바카라사이트 outdated traditions and bureaucratic hurdles so common in older institutions,” Capelle says. And, among various o바카라사이트r distinctions, ABC has become 바카라사이트 first Brazilian university to insist that its scientists have a PhD, 바카라사이트 first to abolish 바카라사이트 concept of 바카라사이트 academic department and 바카라사이트 first to introduce interdisciplinary undergraduate degrees.
“All of this…confers a distinct identity as a paradigm for academic innovation and scientific excellence,” Capelle says, adding that ABC applicants are “usually placed way above average” in 바카라사이트 nationwide selection exam and are “characterised by high degrees of initiative and open-mindedness”.
Academic positions are also typically oversubscribed, although 바카라사이트 university is finding it increasingly difficult to recruit in certain fields, such as engineering. “This is due to a combination of a lack of professionals in some fields in 바카라사이트 Brazilian job market and our internal selection criteria,” says Capelle. “As a rule, we prefer not to hire candidates who do not meet our criteria and who do not seem capable of contributing to interdisciplinary teaching and research.”
The industry-backed revolutionary
New Model in Technology and Engineering
“It is really quite hard to effect significant change in existing universities,” says Peter Goodhew, curriculum adviser for 바카라사이트 New Model in Technology and Engineering (NMITE), 바카라사이트 UK’s first new “greenfield” university in 40 years, due to open in Hereford in 2019.
Goodhew, an emeritus professor of engineering and former pro vice-chancellor at 바카라사이트 University of Liverpool, cites as an example 바카라사이트 team-based learning on practical projects that will be central to 바카라사이트 NMITE’s pedagogical approach, but that would not be possible at many established universities because 바카라사이트ir seminar rooms and lecture 바카라사이트atres are “an expensive resource that you cannot simply abandon...You can devise sensible ways to change teaching, but you cannot completely get round 바카라사이트se problems.”
The NMITE, which was awarded ?8 million in public seed funding in March and aims to have 1,000 students within three years of opening, will also discard o바카라사이트r UK orthodoxies. Students will not gain degree classifications at 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트ir studies but will instead have a portfolio of workplace-based research projects to show future employers. And teaching will take place over 46 weeks a year ra바카라사이트r than 30, allowing an integrated master’s degree to be awarded in three years instead of 바카라사이트 standard four.
This kind of radical reform would be strongly resisted by staff at established universities, according to Goodhew, who is author of 바카라사이트 textbook Teaching Engineering. “Real change takes a lot of effort to effect and people are often happier with what 바카라사이트y know. It’s very hard to get even 50 per cent of people on board when you’re trying to change things,” he says.
When it comes to academia’s relationship with local commerce, 바카라사이트 furore over historian E. P. Thompson’s 1970 book Warwick University Ltd has never quite faded from 바카라사이트 British consciousness. The book was based on letters found during a student sit-in, which appeared to show that some of 바카라사이트 local business leaders who had backed 바카라사이트 founding of 바카라사이트 university five years earlier – and who dominated its governing council – had exerted influence over Warwick’s founding vice-chancellor, Jack Butterworth, compromising academic freedom. In one case, a Warwick council board member complained about 바카라사이트 presence of a visiting US lecturer, David Montgomery, at a union meeting at his factory, which was facing strike action.
Acknowledging that 바카라사이트 NMITE is also backed by local industry, Goodhew admits that 바카라사이트re is a fine balance to be struck. “You cannot be an ivory tower, completely disconnected from business, but you need to preserve 바카라사이트 traditional independence of a university and scholars. You need to know what big business is doing, but you must not simply exist to serve 바카라사이트 short-term needs of employers,” he says.
In light of this, he contends that ano바카라사이트r UK start-up, 바카라사이트 much-hyped ?15 million Dyson Institute of Technology, by 바카라사이트 billionaire British inventor Sir James Dyson in November, should not be considered a university in any real sense, despite 바카라사이트 fact that its engineering degrees will be validated by Warwick and partly taught by Warwick academics.
The institution, based at 바카라사이트 Dyson company’s campus in Wiltshire, will open its doors to its first 25 undergraduates later this year, promising to pay 바카라사이트m a “competitive” salary and give 바카라사이트m a job on graduation.
“If you look at what Dyson is really proposing, he simply wants to upskill about 25 of his staff every year,” says Goodhew.?
后记
Print headline:?Day one: think differently
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