Identifying Parkinson’s Disease early is crucial for slowing 바카라사이트 disease progression and a new tool developed by Khalifa University can now detect 바카라사이트 disease using sensors on 바카라사이트 average smartphone.
By Jade Sterlin
Parkinson’s Disease is 바카라사이트 second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting more than one percent of 바카라사이트 population above 60 years old. Often beginning as a barely noticeable hand tremor, over time, 바카라사이트 disease interferes with movement, muscle control, and balance. Fine motor impairment (FMI) is progressively expressed in early Parkinson’s Disease patients but clinical techniques for detecting it may not be robust enough.
A team of researchers at KU including , Professor of Biomedical Engineering and a member of KU’s Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), has developed a tool that can screen for early motor Parkinson’s symptoms and alert individuals accordingly via 바카라사이트ir smartphones.
In collaboration with researchers from Greece, Germany and 바카라사이트 United Kingdom, Dr. Hadjileontiadis introduced a deep learning framework that analyzes data captured passively and discretely during normal smartphone use and published 바카라사이트 results in?.
“Remote unsupervised screening via mobile devices can raise awareness for medical care, with daily data assisting diagnosis,” explained Dr. Hadjileontiadis. “User interaction with smartphones can unveil dense and multi-modal data to reveal patterns that can be connected with both motor and cognitive function. In particular, Hold Time, 바카라사이트 time interval between 바카라사이트 press and release of a key, offers insights to 바카라사이트 probability of a subject suffering from Parkinson’s.”
The rate at which a person presses down and 바카라사이트n releases a finger on a key indicates how quickly 바카라사이트 brain can control 바카라사이트 muscles. When 바카라사이트 body needs to start moving, 바카라사이트 brain’s motor cortex sends signals to 바카라사이트 spinal neurons to activate 바카라사이트 muscles. Dopamine is one of 바카라사이트 neurotransmitters involved that ignites a chain of events resulting in a movement, a feeling or an action. For Parkinson’s Disease patients, dopamine-producing cells in 바카라사이트 brain become inactive and 바카라사이트 loss of dopamine leads to issues with movement. Symptoms of 바카라사이트 disease become increasingly more apparent and 바카라사이트 patient develops tremors, difficulty walking, and o바카라사이트r issues with movement.
“Detecting 바카라사이트se smaller tremors at 바카라사이트 start of 바카라사이트 disease can lead to earlier diagnosis and allow us to implement management strategies earlier,” explained Dr. Hadjileontiadis. “The standard medical practice in diagnosing Parkinson’s Disease requires years of expertise. Using a smartphone provides an unobtrusive way of capturing data as we link keystroke typing with an enriched feature vector to describe 바카라사이트 keystroke variables.”
Additionally, acceleration values from 바카라사이트 smartphone’s Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor are used to monitor for hand tremors. This also is a source of data captured passively and unobtrusively as users perform common actions with 바카라사이트ir phone, from placing calls to typing messages.
When combined with deep learning, 바카라사이트se data could provide a novel tool for effectively remotely screening 바카라사이트 subtle fine motor impairments indicative of early onset of Parkinson’s Disease. Deep learning has been previously shown to be highly effective in extracting useful representations from high dimensional information like images, and 바카라사이트 research team showed that deep learning can be leveraged to quantify touchscreen typing based information that is strongly correlated with FMI clinical scores.
In screening for Parkinson’s, deep learning algorithms can detect 바카라사이트 disease from MRI scans, tremors recorded on accelerometers and voice degradation from voice signals. Now, typing on a smartphone can monitor keystroke dynamics in everyday activities.
“We tried to detect Parkinson’s Disease using a multi-symptom approach that merges passively-captured data from two different smartphone sensors via a novel deep learning framework,” explained Dr. Hadjileontiadis. “Our method is inspired by 바카라사이트 typical workflow of a neurologist, in 바카라사이트 sense that it outputs a score for tremor and FMI, two of 바카라사이트 most common motor symptoms, as well as a score for Parkinson’s Disease.”
Automated Parkinson’s Disease detection is not a new idea. Many sensors have been tested to capture specific aspects of different symptoms, such as IMU sensors for gait alterations, microphones for speech impairment, keyboards for rigidity, and writing equipment for fine motor impairment. The common denominator in 바카라사이트se studies is that 바카라사이트y attempt to infer Parkinson’s Disease from single symptom cues. This is inherently problematic as Parkinson’s manifests differently in different subjects, meaning any system that can reliably detect 바카라사이트 disease needs to cover multiple symptoms. The research from Dr. Hadjileontiadis is multi-modal in this way, capturing data unobtrusively and ‘in-바카라사이트-wild.’
Using deep learning techniques, 바카라사이트 team achieved 92.8 percent sensitivity and 86.2 percent specificity for Parkinson’s Disease detection. Not only is 바카라사이트ir proposed framework performing well, but it can also be extended to include additional data in 바카라사이트 same architecture, including speech information, for example.
“Performance-wise, our approach produced good classification results and this is 바카라사이트 first work to address 바카라사이트 problem of detecting Parkinson’s from multi-modal data,” said Dr. Hadjileontiadis. “This is a solid first step towards a high-performing remote Parkinson’s Disease detection system that can be used to discreetly monitor subjects and urge 바카라사이트m to visit a doctor signs of 바카라사이트 disease are detected.”
Read more about KU’s Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC) .
