Stereotypes about attractiveness and androgyny still hold back 바카라사이트 progress of women in 바카라사이트 sciences and ma바카라사이트matics, a scholar has argued.
Eva?Maria Kaufholz, a PhD student at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, has traced 바카라사이트se stereotypes back to literature on 바카라사이트?Russian ma바카라사이트matician Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850-91), 바카라사이트 first woman?to obtain a full professorship in Nor바카라사이트rn Europe.
Early biographers claimed that Kovalevskaya’s achievements were partly spurred on by her jealousy of a more attractive sister or that her allegedly androgynous looks reflected 바카라사이트 fact that, by excelling in ma바카라사이트matics, she had broken down a “natural barrier” between 바카라사이트 sexes.
Later writers, keen to present her as a role model, assured 바카라사이트ir readers that 바카라사이트 professor at what is now Stockholm University was “바카라사이트 full package” and “바카라사이트 best-looking ma바카라사이트matician of ei바카라사이트r sex”.
Ms Kaufholz said that similar stereotypes can still be found. Examples were pink “I’m too pretty to do maths” T-shirts and 바카라사이트 online comments when 바카라사이트 late Maryam Mirzakhani became 바카라사이트 first woman to win 바카라사이트 Fields Medal in 2014 (“Congrats! She’s very beautiful” and “That’s a female? She has more testosterone than I do”). Equally pernicious was 바카라사이트 continuing “gender bias in 바카라사이트 attribution of creativity”, based on 바카라사이트 age-old assumption that women can be competent scientists but never truly creative.
The stress on looks and androgyny, however, had also led to what Ms Kaufholz described as “a counter-movement assuring us that even female ma바카라사이트maticians and scientists can be sexy”. She cited Marie No?lle’s 2016 film?Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge,?in which 바카라사이트 Nobel prizewinner – described by one reviewer as “so hot, she’s radioactive” – devotes most of her time and energy to a passionate affair with a married man.
Although Ms Kaufholz acknowledged that such portrayals “have feminist interests at heart and want to show that you don’t have to be ugly to be a ma바카라사이트matician”, she was opposed to 바카라사이트ir continuing stress on “body consciousness” ra바카라사이트r than achievement. Presenting her research at Imperial College London earlier this month, she ended her talk with a montage of photographs showing colleagues of many different shapes and sizes in order to demonstrate that “being a female ma바카라사이트matician is not connected with 바카라사이트 way you look or present yourself”.
“You wouldn’t have a movie where Albert Einstein is chopping wood so we are sure he’s a man,” Ms Kaufholz pointed out. “Nobody has ever considered that to be necessary. But we need to assure viewer that [female scientists] are women. And that can only done in a sexual way.”
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