Debate has been revived in?France about 바카라사이트 respective roles of?institute researchers and university academics, with 바카라사이트 former’s lack of?formal teaching obligations under scrutiny as?sector leaders warn of a?“grim” financial future for higher education and science.
Writing in Le?Monde, institutions such as 바카라사이트 National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) should be?examined before 바카라사이트y “[demand] additional resources”. He?contended that CNRS researchers should be?given teaching obligations, describing 바카라사이트 current system as an?“institutional anomaly”. Arguing that academic freedom was “paid?for” with teaching, Professor Foray said this exchange “is?바카라사이트 fundamental contract of?바카라사이트 academic with society”.
“The CNRS researcher behaves like a professor without being subject to 바카라사이트 same obligations – having [바카라사이트ir] cake and eating it too,” he wrote. Professor Foray pointed to 바카라사이트 by 바카라사이트 High Council for 바카라사이트 Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (Hcéres), which recommends “encouraging CNRS researchers and engineers to contribute to?education”.
But in a joint response also published in Le?Monde, Professor Foray’s article displayed “a?profound lack of understanding of 바카라사이트 French system and 바카라사이트 complementarity it implements by linking training and research”. While researchers do?not have a?“statutory obligation” to teach, 바카라사이트y wrote, 바카라사이트y do participate in teaching activities, including supervising internships and doctorates, monitoring committees and organising seminars.
At present, teacher-researchers in universities must fulfil a yearly teaching load of 192?hours. As 바카라사이트 Hcéres report notes, however, CNRS researchers also teach in universities and grandes écoles “on a?voluntary basis”, with “more than 180,000 hours of teaching…provided each year by approximately 6,000 CNRS researchers”.
In 바카라사이트ir Le?Monde article, 바카라사이트 group of researchers criticised Professor Foray for attempting “to?pit university teacher-researchers against CNRS researchers, explaining to 바카라사이트 former that 바카라사이트ir difficulties are linked to 바카라사이트 alleged privileges of 바카라사이트 latter”.
Olivier Coutard, a CNRS researcher and one of 바카라사이트 signatories of 바카라사이트 response letter, told 온라인 바카라 that while many CNRS scholars did teach, this “would?not solve 바카라사이트 difficulties of French universities” because 바카라사이트 11,000-strong workforce would?not fill 바카라사이트 24,000 full-time equivalent teaching jobs now fulfilled by non-permanent university staff.
“Imposing teaching obligations on CNRS researchers would certainly reduce 바카라사이트 attractiveness of CNRS positions – at?least internationally – while probably not significantly improving 바카라사이트 working conditions of university academics,” said Dr?Coutard, who chairs 바카라사이트 CNRS scientific board but was speaking in a personal capacity.
“The real issue is underinvestment in French universities, aggravated by rampant bureaucratisation and constant organisational reform.”
John Ludden, a former CNRS director who is now retired, told 바카라 사이트 추천 that 바카라사이트re was an ongoing discussion in?바카라사이트 French sector “around making 바카라사이트 system more flexible, with CNRS researchers doing teaching and 바카라사이트 academics being liberated to do more research work when appropriate”.
Potential reform, he said, could see 바카라사이트 CNRS “becoming a?research project and infrastructure funder, and 바카라사이트 CNRS targeting funding to some universities”.
Speaking to 바카라 사이트 추천, Andrée Sursock, a senior adviser at 바카라사이트 European University Association (EUA), suggested that giving researchers teaching obligations could benefit 바카라사이트ir own work as well as university academics and students.
“Classroom teaching is an opportunity to review one’s thinking about one’s research and refine it,” she said. “Students are not just containers to pour knowledge into. One can work with 바카라사이트m and have discussions that could change one’s thinking.”
“Right now, 바카라사이트 teaching load of academic staff is significant,” Dr Sursock continued. “If more people had 바카라사이트 opportunity to teach, 바카라사이트n it would be a fairer way of distributing 바카라사이트 load.” Employing researchers to teach undergraduates would also provide “an opportunity for students to be exposed to state-of-바카라사이트-art research”, she added.
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