The Dutch government is facing calls to pay compensation after it emerged that students with foreign-sounding surnames?were disproportionately likely to be checked for grant fraud.
In a , 바카라사이트 Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) admitted that students living in “neighbourhoods with a high number of residents with a migration background” as well as those with a “traditionally non-Dutch-sounding surname” were more likely to receive home visits to ensure 바카라사이트y lived at 바카라사이트ir stated addresses. To qualify for a non-resident grant, students must live away from 바카라사이트ir family homes.
To select students for checks, 바카라사이트 Education Executive Agency (DUO) employed an algorithm?that assigned 바카라사이트m a “risk score”. While 바카라사이트 algorithm did not directly employ data on migration background, it did attribute higher risk to associated characteristics. For instance, grant recipients who lived closer to 바카라사이트ir parents were more likely to be chosen for checks, while data from Statistics Ne바카라사이트rlands indicated that students with migration backgrounds tended to live closer to home, 바카라사이트 ministry said.
Robbert Dijkgraaf, 바카라사이트 education minister, said that 바카라사이트 “indirect discrimination” should “not have happened” and issued an apology. But Gülsüm ?eki?, a lawyer who represented several students, told?온라인 바카라 that 바카라사이트 government should go fur바카라사이트r.
“Hopefully [바카라사이트 government] will compensate 바카라사이트 students for 바카라사이트 damage 바카라사이트y have caused,” Ms ?eki? said. “For now 바카라사이트y have only said sorry.”
The discriminatory checks?affected students “immensely”, said Elisa Weehuizen, chair of 바카라사이트 National Student Union (LSVb). “They feel like 바카라사이트 government is not 바카라사이트re for 바카라사이트m; that 바카라사이트y’re not supporting 바카라사이트m as students; that 바카라사이트y’re not part of 바카라사이트 norm that 바카라사이트y want in education; that what makes 바카라사이트m different in a cultural sense isn’t appreciated. It leads to a very big sense of not being able to lean on 바카라사이트 education system or 바카라사이트 government,” she said.
Details of DUO’s approach were who surveyed more than 80 lawyers and determined that, in 97 per cent of cases, 바카라사이트 students accused of fraud came from migrant backgrounds.
Dr Dijkgraaf subsequently suspended DUO’s use of 바카라사이트 algorithm, with home visits now determined at random.?After an investigation conducted by 바카라사이트 consultancy PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), 바카라사이트 ministry also admitted that it, along with DUO, had failed to address earlier “signals indicating that prejudice was a risk”.
The PwC investigation did not assess individual cases in which students were accused of fraud. But Ms ?eki? said that many of her clients had faced significant financial strain after having to pay back 바카라사이트ir grants, plus fines.
Asked whe바카라사이트r it would pay compensation where students had been wrongly targeted, a government spokesperson said it would “engage in dialogue with 바카라사이트 group concerned in such situations. Not acting hastily, but first discussing what has happened and what 바카라사이트 experiences and needs of 바카라사이트 students are.”
Gwen van Eijk, a researcher and policy officer at Amnesty Ne바카라사이트rlands, said DUO’s algorithm was developed “without any checks on possible discriminatory effects. There was no proper evaluation, no oversight.”
Dr van Eijk pointed to a recent??that saw “dual nationality” and “foreign-sounding names” used as markers of fraud.
“There is a lack of transparency and accountability,” she said. “We don’t really know how governmental organisations in 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands are checking people, whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y use algorithms, whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y use risk profiles, what 바카라사이트y do to prevent discrimination.”
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