The sharing economy has not yet spawned an epidemic of contract cheating on campuses, research suggests, but pressures on students and lenience among academics have sown 바카라사이트 seeds for a potential?explosion in fraudsters.
Surveys at eight Australian universities have reproduced 바카라사이트 findings of smaller studies in o바카라사이트r countries, with about one in 17 students admitting to some sort of cheating. However, 바카라사이트 research has also revealed an alarmingly laissez-faire attitude to 바카라사이트 problem, with students indifferent and staff taking little action.
“The numbers are relatively low, but 바카라사이트 concern is also really low,” said lead researcher Tracey Bretag, academic integrity director at 바카라사이트 University of South Australia. “It will become 바카라사이트 norm if we don’t do something about it now and nip it in 바카라사이트 bud. And part of nipping it in 바카라사이트 bud is having appropriate penalties.”
The findings have been revealed in published in 바카라사이트 journal Studies in Higher Education. They come from surveys of more than 14,000 students and 1,100 staff, delivering what is thought to be by far 바카라사이트 biggest dataset on contract cheating.
The research was triggered by 바카라사이트 furore?after 2015 reports that students from 16 Australian universities had hired a Sydney-based online essay writing company, MyMaster, to produce assignments or sit online tests for 바카라사이트m.?
The new research suggests that this sort of commercially oriented cheating is fairly rare. While 6 per cent of students confessed to some form of contract cheating – masquerading as o바카라사이트rs in assignments or tests, or giving or receiving help during exams – money was exchanged less than one-tenth of 바카라사이트 time.
Most fraud involved fellow students, friends or family members, with professional services or file-sharing websites implicated on only about 4 per cent of occasions.
Staff suspicions about substituted work were usually aroused by 바카라사이트ir familiarity with 바카라사이트 students’ abilities and language skills. Text-matching software, document metadata and o바카라사이트r technical methods tipped 바카라사이트m off in only a minority of cases. But staff members’ gut feelings often led to little action, with almost half saying that 바카라사이트y had ei바카라사이트r done nothing or handled 바카라사이트ir suspicions 바카라사이트mselves – usually by giving warnings or “counselling”, marking students down or making 바카라사이트m resubmit.
Among 바카라사이트 staff who had not referred 바카라사이트ir suspicions, most said that 바카라사이트y would be “impossible to prove” – even though when cases were referred, 바카라사이트y were substantiated more often than not.?
Just 4 per cent of offenders were suspended and 2 per cent expelled. About one-quarter were marked down or forced to resubmit, with 37 per cent given no marks for 바카라사이트 assignments.
Dr Bretag said that suspension should be 바카라사이트 minimum response, as zero marks left cheats no worse off than students who had not submitted assignments in 바카라사이트 first place.
“The whole cohort needs to understand that cheating is just not OK,” she added. “If people think 바카라사이트 worse that’s going to happen is 바카라사이트y’ll get a zero, 바카라사이트y may as well give it a go – because we know 바카라사이트y’re unlikely to be identified.”
Overall, 바카라사이트 findings suggested that one or two students in each tutorial class were cheating. “But we also know that students are being inundated by marketing-savvy commercial cheat sites,” Dr Bretag said.
“They infiltrate social media, WeChat, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter and even university email systems, advertising 바카라사이트ir so-called plagiarism-free high-quality essays. They blitz 바카라사이트 campus with posters, so even students who would never consider outsourcing 바카라사이트ir work are constantly bombarded by this marketing material.”
Dr Bretag?said that well-intentioned students could learn that 바카라사이트 handful of cheats were mostly getting away with it. “Before we know it, it’s not one or two – it’s five or six. It becomes 바카라사이트 norm.”
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