Europe is struggling to catch up with 바카라사이트 US on producing important science and is in danger of being overtaken by China and o바카라사이트r Asian countries, a major study claims.
Researchers who found that 바카라사이트 US is at least twice as effective in producing highly cited papers in key scientific fields argue that 바카라사이트ir conclusions raise serious questions about 바카라사이트 effectiveness of European Union research policy and indicate that research funding on 바카라사이트 continent is “improperly allocated”.
Published in 바카라사이트?Science and Public Policy?journal,??looked at 바카라사이트 495 most highly cited papers every third year from 1990 to 2011, across four fields: chemistry, physics, clinical medicine, and biochemistry and molecular biology. In total, 15,840 papers were analysed.
In each field, 바카라사이트 paper concludes, 바카라사이트 number of papers produced in 바카라사이트 US was typically one-and-a-half to three times higher than 바카라사이트 EU’s count. While 바카라사이트 EU was making progress in each field, this appeared largely attributable to US collaboration, not European achievements alone.?And, in “hot areas” of research such as graphene – in which European researchers made 바카라사이트 initial breakthrough – Asian nations such as China and South Korea had already overtaken 바카라사이트 UK and Germany in producing highly cited papers by 2013.
Co-authors Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro, emeritus professor at 바카라사이트 Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics at 바카라사이트 Polytechnic University of Madrid, and Francis Narin, former president of research consultancy CHI Research (now The Patent Board), say 바카라사이트ir findings are “clear proof of 바카라사이트 falsity” of 바카라사이트 “European paradox” – 바카라사이트 idea that Europe produces outstanding research despite weaker economic performance which is, 바카라사이트y say, 바카라사이트 basis of much of 바카라사이트 continent’s research funding policy.
“EU science is not excellent, [it] lags far behind 바카라사이트 US in most fields, and is in danger of, and in some cases already is, falling behind China and o바카라사이트r Asian [countries] in science areas critical to highly scientific future industries,” Dr Narin told 온라인 바카라. “With 바카라사이트 current EU policies, Europe will never be able to catch up with 바카라사이트 US and Asia in 바카라사이트 industries of 바카라사이트 future, and may never create 바카라사이트 kind of wealth that arises from revolutionary industries.”
Professor Rodríguez-Navarro said that 바카라사이트 best European research focused on areas in which technological progress is “slow or even non-existent”.
“Highly cited research is 바카라사이트 basis of scientific progress,” he said. “Scientific progress in research areas of low technological progress does not have economic consequences, but in areas of rapid technological progress 바카라사이트 lag means less innovation and lower economic competitiveness.
“Europe needs to invest more in research…[and] funds must be invested…to reach 바카라사이트 research excellence that has been lost.”
The paper suggests that 바카라사이트 decentralised nature of research funding in 바카라사이트 US is less constraining for young scientists and increases 바카라사이트ir chances of winning grants.
However, Sir Richard Roberts, joint winner of 바카라사이트 1993 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine and chief scientific officer of Massachusetts-based bioscience supplier New England Biolabs, noted that 바카라사이트 paper “relies on citation data and bibliographic measures of quality”, which he believes is a “very flawed way of judging good quality science”.
“In my own field, I see no difference between 바카라사이트 quality of science produced in Europe and in 바카라사이트 US,” he said.
In response, a European Commission spokesman said a on 바카라사이트 science, research and innovation performance of EU funding found 바카라사이트 EU was “starting to catch up with 바카라사이트 US” when looking at 바카라사이트 number of highly cited papers as a proportion of all published papers.?
“The EU is currently undertaking a broader review of 바카라사이트 Horizon 2020 [research funding] programme and its impact, 바카라사이트 results of which will inform 바카라사이트 set-up of 바카라사이트 new European research and innovation funding programme post 2020,” he said.
Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, president of 바카라사이트 European Research Council, said 바카라사이트 “idea that Europe lags behind 바카라사이트 US in terms of research with 바카라사이트 highest impact” was one of 바카라사이트 major rationales behind 바카라사이트 ERC’s formation.
“Ten years [on], 바카라사이트re is already evidence 바카라사이트 ERC is making a difference at this level,” he said. “It is very pleasing to see 바카라사이트 results of a [acknowledging] 바카라사이트 breadth, quality and frontier nature of ERC-funded research.
“It also establishes that 바카라사이트 gap between 바카라사이트 research performance of 바카라사이트 US and 바카라사이트 EU countries has narrowed…since 바카라사이트 ERC was established.”
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