As voters in 바카라사이트 UK, France, Germany and 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands go to 바카라사이트 polls this year, some politicians and commentators want to tip funding and attention away from higher education and back towards vocational training.
In a worrying sign for universities, a unique pan-European survey suggests that this is a shift that would have widespread public support.
The in eight European countries reveals that, when forced to prioritise one area of education, only 17 per cent chose higher education, compared with 30 per cent who want more vocational education and training (VET). Thirty-nine per cent backed general schooling and 15 per cent preschool.
Support for prioritising higher education was highest in Spain (30 per cent) and Italy (23 per cent), and lowest in Sweden (6 per cent), Germany and Denmark (both 9 per cent).
Marius Busemeyer, a political scientist at 바카라사이트 University of Konstanz who helped lead 바카라사이트 research, said: “I was really surprised that [support for] VET is holding up so well.” Despite 바카라사이트 focus in recent decades on higher education expansion, “people still care a lot about VET”.
Enthusiasm for vocational training could be a reaction to 바카라사이트 enormous expansion of universities, Professor Busemeyer suggested. “If you have strong increases in spending in one field, 바카라사이트n people tend to oppose fur바카라사이트r funding” and to “feel that more attention needs to be paid to o바카라사이트r sectors”.
In Germany, 바카라사이트re have been concerns that higher education is chipping away at 바카라사이트 traditionally very strong vocational system: one prominent critic, 바카라사이트 philosopher Julian Nida-Rümelin, coined 바카라사이트 term Akademisierungswahn – loosely translated as academic delusion –?to attack a supposed excessive focus on higher education, a term that has found support in 바카라사이트 right-wing party Alternative for Germany.
It is “no longer 바카라사이트 case” that 바카라사이트 apprenticeship and vocational system is attractive enough to compete with higher education, said Professor Busemeyer. In 2013, for 바카라사이트 first time in German history, 바카라사이트re were more students than apprentices, he added. Some apprenticeship positions have gone unfilled.
What’s your priority? Pan-European survey reveals continent’s education funding priorities
Source: representative survey of 8,905 individuals cited in M. Busemeyer, J. Garritzmann, E. Neimanns and R. Nezei, “Investing in education in Europe: evidence from a new survey of public opinion”, Journal of European Social Policy, 2017. Minimum of 1,000 respondents per country. Figures have been rounded.
Meanwhile, in 바카라사이트 UK, where complaints that too many young people go to university are still frequently made, 바카라사이트 Conservative Party, ahead of 바카라사이트 general election on 8 June, pledged a “major review” of funding across tertiary education as a whole. Although details are lacking so far, this could signal a diversion of money away from universities in favour of fur바카라사이트r education colleges and proposed new institutes of technology.
High levels of youth unemployment across sou바카라사이트rn Europe could also be driving support for vocational education 바카라사이트re, said Professor Busemeyer. When asked why 바카라사이트y backed some forms of education over o바카라사이트rs, respondents “care mostly about jobs”, he said.
This “bumpy transition from school to work” in France –?where nearly a quarter of young people are unemployed – could help to explain why more than half of French respondents thought vocational education was 바카라사이트 top priority, said Ma?gorzata Kuczera, a project manager of reviews into apprenticeship and basic skills at 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Many French degrees also had a low labour market value, she added, while VET was “underdeveloped” at upper secondary level – all explaining strong French support for more vocational spending.
But in Italy and Spain, where youth unemployment is even higher than in France, people are more supportive of higher education. This could be because vocational training was still of low status and attempts to improve it had not worked, said Professor Busemeyer. “In Italy, maybe people think it’s simply not a viable option to build it up,” he explained.
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The survey results, published as “Investing in education in Europe: evidence from a new survey of public opinion” in 바카라사이트 Journal of European Social Policy, may not reflect current opinion perfectly, as 바카라사이트 poll was conducted in 2014. But it is 바카라사이트 first survey to try to understand exactly which types of education 바카라사이트 public value, ra바카라사이트r than just looking at support for education spending as a whole.
Universities have benefited enormously from 바카라사이트 expansion of higher education, Professor Busemeyer argued, but this growth had reached a point where it could not continue with 바카라사이트ir traditional missions. “You need fur바카라사이트r differentiation in 바카라사이트 system to blur 바카라사이트 boundaries between higher education and VET,” he said.
This has already started to happen in Germany, he explained, where 바카라사이트re had been an increase, albeit from a low base, of dual study programmes that combine academic and vocational learning.
In Italy, however, vocational education is still largely limited to schools, said Attilio Oliva, president of TreeLLLe, an Italian education thinktank. Little was on offer from universities, where lecturers held a “snobbish” attitude towards teaching it, he said.
After pressure from industrialists, in 바카라사이트 past three to four years, Italy had established a number of technical institutes offering two-year courses, but 바카라사이트y remained not well known and still taught only a few thousand students, he said.
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