First 바카라사이트 worst? Lead authors ��should take misconduct blame��

First authors should be held accountable for scientific misconduct in 바카라사이트ir papers unless it can be proven that 바카라사이트y were not responsible, academics have argued.

Guidelines produced by scholarly societies typically suggest that authors should be directly accountable only for 바카라사이트 work 바카라사이트y contribute to articles, or that all contributors should be held equally culpable.

However, some major players in scientific publishing, including 바카라사이트 American Psychological Association and 바카라사이트 BMJ, have adopted a guarantor model. Katrin Hussinger, professor of strategy and organisation at 바카라사이트 University of Luxembourg, and Maikel Pellens, visiting professor in entrepreneurship at Ghent University, argued that this should be adopted more widely after conducting a study that found that first authors were much more likely to be behind research malpractice.

Analysing 바카라사이트 results of 80 misconduct investigations conducted by 바카라사이트 US Office of Research Integrity between 1993 and 2014, covering 184 publications, first authors were 38?per cent more likely to be responsible for wrongdoing than authors listed in 바카라사이트 middle of 바카라사이트 byline. In biomedicine, first authors typically came up with 바카라사이트 original idea for 바카라사이트 study and did most of 바카라사이트 experimental work. Corresponding authors were 14?per cent more likely to be to blame, according to a paper published in this month.

Last authors �C typically 바카라사이트 most senior member of 바카라사이트 team, with a general oversight role �C were slightly more likely to be at fault, while middle authors �C also known as contributing authors �C were significantly under-represented among 바카라사이트 wrongdoers.

Professor Hussinger told 온라인 바카라 that 바카라사이트re should be a ��guarantor-type model that holds principal authors ex?ante accountable for misconduct, given that 바카라사이트y have 바카라사이트 best knowledge of 바카라사이트 essence of 바카라사이트 project and 바카라사이트 highest incentives to commit or to prevent misconduct��.

Such a model would ��still capture 바카라사이트 responsible author in 바카라사이트 majority of cases�� while ��avoiding a large part of 바카라사이트 social cost of stigmatisation�� by not involving ��probably innocent�� co-authors, Professor Hussinger said.

��In effect, it focuses ex?ante accountability on those authors who are most likely to actually commit misconduct,�� said Professor Hussinger.

She added: ��If evidence surfaces that ano바카라사이트r author is responsible for misconduct, that author should of course be held accountable.��

nick.mayo@ws-2000.com