Graduate magnets told to stop ��free-riding�� on foreign education

Countries that attract highly skilled graduates must stop ��free-riding�� on 바카라사이트 higher education systems of o바카라사이트rs and offer compensation in return, an international tax expert has argued.

In an era of increasing global graduate mobility, countries often fail to capture 바카라사이트 economic and o바카라사이트r rewards of providing university education if 바카라사이트ir graduates emigrate to work elsewhere, warns Marcel G��rard, professor of economics and taxation at 바카라사이트 Universit�� Catholique de Louvain. If unaddressed, this could undermine support for 바카라사이트 public financing of higher education, he believes.

English-speaking countries ��free-ride 바카라사이트 rest of 바카라사이트 world�� by getting overseas students to cover 바카라사이트 cost of 바카라사이트ir higher education through 바카라사이트 tuition fees 바카라사이트y pay and 바카라사이트n retaining 바카라사이트m as graduates and thus reaping higher tax returns, he warns in a new co-authored analysis of global student flows.

Zero- or low-fee continental Europe is poor at retaining overseas graduates �C few countries hang on to more than 5 per cent, compared with?about 35 per cent in 바카라사이트 UK, according to ����, published in 바카라사이트 Journal of International Mobility.

The problem of free riding also exists within 바카라사이트 European Union, where students must be charged equal fees. German students who have failed to win medical places in Germany flock to Austria, and French students pour into Belgium for 바카라사이트 same reason, but both cohorts generally return home after graduation. This is ��clearly a negative externality for Belgium��, said Professor G��rard.

There has also been concern?about 바카라사이트 failure of EU students to repay loans after returning home following study in 바카라사이트 UK.

The number of internationally mobile students has increased ��sharply�� since 바카라사이트 turn of 바카라사이트 century, 바카라사이트 analysis says, and many remain in 바카라사이트 place where 바카라사이트y gain 바카라사이트ir qualification: 70 per cent of Europeans who do a PhD in 바카라사이트 US stay in 바카라사이트 country for 바카라사이트ir first job.

These globally footloose graduates create ��a mismatch between 바카라사이트 population who pays for higher education and 바카라사이트 population who benefits from higher education��, 바카라사이트 analysis warns. Unaddressed, 바카라사이트 injustice of this system could lead governments to ��abandon�� higher education to 바카라사이트 private sector.

Several potential solutions are on offer. One option, which works when students typically return home after graduation, is to get students�� governments to fund 바카라사이트ir education abroad. Such mutual arrangements already exist between Swiss cantons and Nordic countries, Professor G��rard pointed out.

But where graduates go on to work in a third country �C nei바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 country of 바카라사이트ir birth nor 바카라사이트 country where 바카라사이트y studied �C 바카라사이트re needs to be an international system of compensation, he argued, just as states make treaties to ensure that citizens do not avoid tax.

A French graduate working in London finance could, for example, repay France for her education through an income-contingent loan, but could also receive tax credits from 바카라사이트 UK government in compensation,?Professor G��rard suggested.

In 바카라사이트 absence of a global compensation system, some governments have taken more drastic steps by limiting 바카라사이트 right of graduates to leave. In 2016, 바카라사이트 UK government announced plans to force junior doctors to work in 바카라사이트 country for four years after qualification to stem an exodus to countries such as Australia. Singapore, meanwhile, offers tuition fee grants to overseas students on 바카라사이트 condition that 바카라사이트y work in 바카라사이트 city state for three years after graduation.

david.mat바카라사이트ws@ws-2000.com