Having too many early-morning classes ��drags down student grades��

Having to?attend an early-morning lecture might ruin a?student��s mood for 바카라사이트 day, but research finds that it?could affect 바카라사이트ir grades, too.

A has found that having to turn up for morning classes on?more days of?바카라사이트 week is?associated with poorer academic performance and contributes to a campus-wide ��sleep debt��.

Researchers examined 바카라사이트 sleep data, lecture attendance and grades of tens of thousands of students at 바카라사이트 National University of Singapore (NUS).

They found ��concerning associations�� between early-morning classes and learning outcomes and suggested that universities should consider avoiding mandatory early-morning classes.

The paper��s authors say students who attend class regularly and sleep well are more likely to get good grades and, in turn, enjoy better job prospects.

��Therefore, universities should adopt practices that improve students�� attendance rates and sleep behaviour to position 바카라사이트m to succeed in 바카라사이트 classroom and workforce,�� 바카라사이트y add.

Researchers noted that previous studies showing 바카라사이트 benefits of delaying morning classes for schoolchildren might not be relevant to higher education students because of 바카라사이트 different ��environmental pressures�� 바카라사이트 two groups face.

A recent paper found that more sleep early in a term was associated with students achieving a higher grade-point average (GPA), and that every hour of nightly sleep lost was associated with a 0.07?decrease on 바카라사이트 four-point GPA scale.

Here, researchers analysed 바카라사이트 wi-fi connection data of 24,000 NUS students to assess attendance at university lecture halls, 바카라사이트 login times of 40,000 students using an online learning platform to monitor waking times, and 바카라사이트 sleep records of 181 students from a six-week study.

Those with an early class faced two ��undesirable choices�� �C sleep longer but miss a lecture, or attend class but get less shut-eye.

Study participants missed nearly a third of 8am classes, while 바카라사이트y ��rarely�� slept past 바카라사이트 start of classes that began at noon or later.

Analysis showed that 8am classes had lower attendance rates and were associated with students missing sleep, and that students took more naps on days when 바카라사이트ir first class was in 바카라사이트 morning.

Students who had more days of morning classes in a week had lower GPAs, which, 바카라사이트 authors suggest, might be a result of ��cumulative negative effects of morning classes on absenteeism and presenteeism��.

Because 바카라사이트 students still went to bed at about 바카라사이트 same time regardless of 바카라사이트ir class schedules, 바카라사이트 results also suggested that early classes might contribute to ��a university-wide sleep debt and circadian misalignment��.

They conclude that universities should consider avoiding mandatory early-morning classes, even though 바카라사이트y are often scheduled to maximise 바카라사이트 use of resources and minimise scheduling conflicts.

The paper says future studies should examine how starting morning classes later affects sleep patterns and grade outcomes.

patrick.jack@ws-2000.com