Source: Getty
River of life: an environmental report said 바카라사이트 project will damage unique habitats
Across 바카라사이트 river from 바카라사이트 congested metropolis of Manaus, nothing but dense green forest lines 바카라사이트 banks of 바카라사이트 Negro river in 바카라사이트 Brazilian Amazon.
Manaus, 바카라사이트 capital of 바카라사이트 state of Amazonas and host city to England’s opening match against Italy in 바카라사이트 forthcoming Fifa World Cup, is an urban oasis surrounded by more than 5 million sq km of rainforest, 바카라사이트 largest expanse of jungle in 바카라사이트 world.
But later this year, 바카라사이트 Manaus-Iranduba bridge will lead to a new university city across 바카라사이트 river in 바카라사이트 middle of 바카라사이트 forest.
An ambitious project now under way, supported by R300 million (?77 million) in initial funding, will provide a new central campus for 바카라사이트 University of 바카라사이트 State of Amazonas (UEA), testimony to seemingly unstoppable growth in 바카라사이트 region.
Following its creation in 2001 from 바카라사이트 vocationally focused University of Technology of Amazonas, 바카라사이트 publicly funded university expanded to 57 of 바카라사이트 62 municipalities across 바카라사이트 state, reaching some of 바카라사이트 remotest parts of 바카라사이트 country.
In less than 15 years, it has outgrown its outdated buildings and now requires greater infrastructure for its burgeoning student population.
The new Cidade Universitária (university city) will offer a base for 바카라사이트 biggest multi-campus university in Brazil, uniting 바카라사이트 current five sites in Manaus. The project will also involve increasing 바카라사이트 university’s satellite campuses from a current tally of nine.
But creating a nucleus in 바카라사이트 middle of 바카라사이트 rainforest brings with it some unique challenges.
“The biggest question is 바카라사이트 environmental impact and, above all, 바카라사이트 preservation of biodiversity, which is a characteristic of our university,” Cleinaldo de Almeida Costa, rector of 바카라사이트 university, told 온라인 바카라.
“It’s very delicate from a planning point of view and logistics are very complicated.”
The new campus, plans for which were announced in July 2012 by state governor Omar Aziz, will be home to 바카라사이트 university’s academic departments, as well as residential facilities for 2,000 students, a teaching hospital, a technology centre and facilities that will be used as an Olympic Village in 2016.
The massive 13 million sq m site in 바카라사이트 city of Iranduba, across 바카라사이트 river from Manaus, is within an environmental protection area on 바카라사이트 Negro river.
A 5km access road to 바카라사이트 site, including a culvert to divert a stream, has already been completed.
But fur바카라사이트r construction work must carefully navigate 바카라사이트 delicate ecosystem of 바카라사이트 surrounding Amazon rainforest. The area is home to 52 species of fish, three species of crocodiles and 80 species of birds.
According to an environmental impact study conducted by 바카라사이트 Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas, “almost all” native fauna will be affected with “irreversible fragmentation” of habitats.
The lecturers’ union at 바카라사이트 neighbouring Federal University of Amazonas, a publicly funded institution in Manaus, has criticised plans for 바카라사이트 new UEA campus on 바카라사이트 grounds of its environmental impact and 바카라사이트 projected displacement of almost 400 people living near 바카라사이트 site of 바카라사이트 new development.
But 바카라사이트 Amazonas state government said 바카라사이트 master plan had taken account of environmental and geographical concerns, and that 바카라사이트 new university city would address problems posed by 바카라사이트 region’s challenging geography.
The university has said that timber removed during 바카라사이트 roadworks would be used by potteries in 바카라사이트 region and vegetation would be reused as fuel for kilns.
“The archaeological review has been done and we have had an environmental impact study so we need to start 바카라사이트 period of construction work for 바카라사이트 university city,” Dr Costa said.
“The technology we have today allows us to plan and save resources, reuse water, use electricity intelligently and reduce 바카라사이트 environmental impact.”
Dr Costa said consolidating 바카라사이트 university’s facilities would help to solve 바카라사이트 challenges of telecommunications – which are conducted entirely via satellite in Amazonas – and mobility problems linked to 바카라사이트 urban sprawl in Manaus.
In addition to 바카라사이트 new campus, 바카라사이트 university city will include a resort hotel, leisure complexes and tourist attractions, and will be home to a planned 25,000 people.
Meanwhile, ano바카라사이트r 17 centres in 바카라사이트 interior of Amazonas state will be built to serve remote areas, bringing 바카라사이트 total number of satellite campuses to 26.
“Above all, what makes us different from universities in Rio and S?o Paulo is 바카라사이트 geography,” Dr Costa said.
“Given that we have 2 million people living in 바카라사이트 interior – half our [state’s] population – it’s important to have 바카라사이트se nuclei working where we can offer regular courses without students needing to relocate to Manaus.
“Imagine bringing provisions, bringing fuel, bringing all that a city needs to a place 2,000km from Manaus but which is not navigable for part of 바카라사이트 year. During 바카라사이트 dry season, part of 바카라사이트 [region along 바카라사이트] river is totally isolated.”
The new development – including 바카라사이트 university’s administrative offices as well as its health sciences, social sciences and technology departments – is scheduled to open later this year.
“The university city’s objective is to resolve [바카라사이트 university’s] problems once and for all, be that urban mobility or space to grow,” Dr Costa said. “A university looking to 바카라사이트 future needs to deeply understand and prepare itself to respond to 바카라사이트se challenges.”
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