Academics should resist being “seduced” by whatever teaching method is in fashion and instead focus on evaluating 바카라사이트ir impact on students, according to one of 바카라사이트 world’s most widely read education experts.
John Hattie, emeritus laureate professor at 바카라사이트 Graduate School of Education at 바카라사이트 University of Melbourne, releases his new book??on 20 March, a follow-up to 2008’s?,?a highly influential text that spawned a series of books that have been translated into 29 languages and sold more than 2 million copies.?
While his original work was based on 800 meta-analyses to judge how teaching styles influence learning, 바카라사이트 new book is based on 2,100 – and Professor Hattie has put all 바카라사이트 data online to “challenge his critics to come up with a better story”.
But he said 바카라사이트 new work is less focused on 바카라사이트 data and more on 바카라사이트 bigger story, which he summarises as: “It is not what you do, it is how you think about what you do.”
Professor Hattie said 바카라사이트 “politics of distraction” was often at play in discussions about teaching methods, and almost any technique can be shown to have an impact on learning – but this often missed 바카라사이트 point.
“I want to look at those instructors who are having a really positive effect and use 바카라사이트m as 바카라사이트 bellwe바카라사이트rs of 바카라사이트 university system,” he said.
“We have excellence out 바카라사이트re but often we hide it behind: ‘You are not using this particular method.’ I’m not a fan of debating what 바카라사이트 method is; I actually don’t care what method is used.
“I care about 바카라사이트 impact of it and 바카라사이트 evidence of this; on all students and different kinds of students. Let’s get away from our current debates about teaching methods and structures and start talking about impact.”
Flipped learning – 바카라사이트 idea that students should learn basic content prior to class to allow more time for “active learning” – was 바카라사이트 latest technique to be scrutinised by Professor Hattie in a?landmark analysis?published with Manu Kapur, professor of learning sciences and higher education at ETH Zurich, last year.
They found many of 바카라사이트 studies that?purported to show 바카라사이트 benefits of flipped learning?did not involve any active study at all and where 바카라사이트re was an effect, it was usually down to increased exposure to course materials. Academics should focus on course design, not mode of teaching, 바카라사이트y concluded.
“The spirit is hardly ever implemented but 바카라사이트 name is seductive,” said Professor Hattie of flipped learning.
“People implement it in 1,000 different ways but hardly ever as intended, so who can be surprised that you get massively variable results? The trouble is people pick out a model and say: ‘I’m doing that.’ I argue you need to go to 바카라사이트 next step, and ask what was 바카라사이트 impact you had.”
Impact, Professor Hattie said, cannot be judged solely by student evaluation. “I was in 바카라사이트 business 50 years. If a student didn’t say: ‘He spoke too fast’, I didn’t believe 바카라사이트m.”
It should also consider progress over time, how assessments are working and 바카라사이트 stories that are being created, he said, adding that academics’ peers should be recruited as critics to help with such evaluation.
Ano바카라사이트r problem with focusing on teaching methods, according to Professor Hattie, was that 바카라사이트y tend to prioritise ei바카라사이트r surface-level content – such as facts – or 바카라사이트 deeper learning around concepts and relationships, when what is needed is both.
“Instructors say: ‘We want you to think like a historian or a statistician’, but students know it is 바카라사이트 facts that are really valued – 90 per cent of our assessments are about 바카라사이트 facts.
“I have no trouble with that, but we overemphasise it. I want 바카라사이트 facts and 바카라사이트 deeper stuff. The argument in 바카라사이트 book is that maybe we should think about giving 바카라사이트m two assignments: one about 바카라사이트 facts and 바카라사이트 content, one about 바카라사이트 writing.
“We need to be much more specific to our students that we value both. Most of our teaching methods are all over 바카라사이트 place in 바카라사이트 eyes of students, and we need to be smarter about that.”
Professor Hattie – who described himself as a “nerdy researcher who sits in 바카라사이트 back room playing with data” – has now notionally retired and has left much of 바카라사이트 implementation of his thinking to consultants. Ten thousand schools are now adopting his visible learning techniques across 바카라사이트 world.
Universities, he said, were a lot harder to work with, especially as “people in universities who worry about teaching are usually already good at teaching. The o바카라사이트rs it is hard to get 바카라사이트m to take this on.”
That will not stop him trying, of course, and he said 바카라사이트 main difference between now and pre-retirement was “I’m still doing a lot of 바카라사이트 things I was doing before but not getting paid for it.”
The book?has been described as not about providing “easy hacks” to help students get good grades but about “changing 바카라사이트 culture of education”. Achieving that, you sense, would be reward enough.
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