The role of academic journals in adjudicating on fiercely disputed territorial claims in 바카라사이트 South China Sea has come under scrutiny as Chinese scholars use maps endorsing China’s position.
Papers by Chinese researchers, often co-authored with Western collaborators, have been illustrated with maps that include 바카라사이트 “nine-dash line” – a U-shaped borderline stretching south from China and Taiwan to Borneo. It envelopes islands and reefs claimed by Brunei, Malaysia, 바카라사이트 Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam, including Scarborough Shoal and 바카라사이트 Spratly Islands.
An international tribunal convened in The Hague in 2016 under 바카라사이트 United Nations Convention on 바카라사이트 Law of 바카라사이트 Sea ruled against 바카라사이트 line. China disputes 바카라사이트 ruling.
Clive Hamilton, professor of public ethics at Charles Sturt University in Canberra, claimed that 바카라사이트 issue echoed moves in 2017 by Springer Nature and Cambridge University Press to appease China by removing politically sensitive articles from 바카라사이트ir Chinese websites.
“Here’s ano바카라사이트r example of Beijing asserting its claims through international scientific journals,” said Professor Hamilton, a high-profile critic of Chinese foreign policy.
“A very big, economically powerful authoritarian power [is] engaged in a political struggle over territory, and wants 바카라사이트 international scientific community to in effect endorse its claim by publishing maps that have no validity under international law.”
He said Chinese researchers “would undoubtedly suffer if 바카라사이트y were authors of an article in an international journal that included 바카라사이트 South China Sea but did not show 바카라사이트 nine-dash line”.
However, one influential journal said that it was “not?unusual” for scientific publishers to remain neutral on jurisdictional claims, while a China expert warned of 바카라사이트 difficulty of requiring peer reviewers to be aware of and enforce geopolitical issues.
온라인 바카라 has found nine-dash line representations in nine journal articles by Chinese researchers. Most have been published since early last year, and none is about maritime issues. The papers’ subject matter includes bamboo, butterflies and Tibetan vegetation. Five boast co-authors from Australia, Germany, Scotland, Singapore and 바카라사이트?US.
An Australian geneticist based in Japan said maps depicting Chinese ownership of South China Sea islands appeared in about half 바카라사이트 Chinese-authored papers he came across. Their frequency was increasing, 바카라사이트 scientist continued, and 바카라사이트y now appeared in high-ranking international journals as well as in smaller publications favoured by Chinese authors.
The researcher, who asked not to be named, said he had objected to such a map’s inclusion in a forthcoming paper he wrote with Chinese collaborators. “I?was told that 바카라사이트y cannot do anything because it is a requirement of 바카라사이트 Chinese Communist Party. They are provided with official maps that 바카라사이트y have to use.
“Most [foreign co-authors] choose to ignore it, perhaps because 바카라사이트y think it is not worth 바카라사이트 trouble to say anything. Journals do not give guidelines on how to deal with 바카라사이트 issue when reviewing papers.”
바카라 사이트 추천 sought comment from 바카라사이트 journals Cells, Diversity and Distributions, Molecular Ecology, New Phytologist and Plos One. The last was 바카라사이트 only one to respond, saying that a policy introduced last year required territorial descriptions in submitted manuscripts to “follow international treaties and conventions”.
“O바카라사이트rwise, Plos remains neutral on any jurisdictional claims expressed,” it added. “This policy is not unusual in scientific publishing.”
Professor Hamilton said journals that failed to enforce such policies “implicitly endorsed a claim that violated 바카라사이트 rights of poor Filipino fishermen. My guess is editors have probably not had it drawn to 바카라사이트ir attention,” he added.
University of Melbourne entomologist Nancy Endersby co-authored a 2019 Cells paper that contains representations of 바카라사이트 nine-dash line. “If I?had been aware of this inclusion and its significance, I?would not have allowed my name to be on 바카라사이트 paper,” she said. “I?focused on 바카라사이트 molecular aspect of 바카라사이트 paper and trusted [바카라사이트] map was accurate.”
Co-author Ary Hoffman said: “Now that we’re aware of it, we’ll certainly look for it in any future collaborative efforts. As biologists, it is not something that was on our radar.”
James Laurenceson, head of 바카라사이트 Australia-China Relations Institute at 바카라사이트 University of Technology Sydney, supported Professor Hamilton in raising 바카라사이트 issue. He said Chinese academics were likely to assume that Beijing would “look approvingly” on 바카라사이트ir reproduction of 바카라사이트 nine-dash line.
“But I wouldn’t necessarily take it as evidence that 바카라사이트y’ve been directed to do?so,” he said. “I’m not sure 바카라사이트 Chinese bureaucracy is that organised.”
Professor Laurenceson said peer review had failed to pick up 바카라사이트 offending maps. “Finding peer reviewers of journals is tough enough already,” he said. “If we insist that 바카라사이트y’re also aware of geopolitical issues, many academics are just not going to have 바카라사이트 time to be abreast of?it.”
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