France’s higher education minister has said that grandes écoles need to “change 바카라사이트ir minds” on how to achieve a student body that better reflects society after she launched a reform project following Emmanuel Macron’s plan to abolish 바카라사이트 most prestigious of 바카라사이트 institutions.
In April, 바카라사이트 French president announced that he wanted to abolish 바카라사이트 ?cole Nationale d’Administration, 바카라사이트 civil service training school regarded as a feeder into French political and business elites. His proposal came in response to a mass public consultation after 바카라사이트 gilets jaunes protests, which were seen as having been sparked by concerns about social and geographical inequality.
Frédérique Vidal, France’s minister of higher education, research and innovation, said that she had met with directors of grandes écoles and asked 바카라사이트m “to propose concrete solutions” to improve social diversity by 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 year.
She told 온라인 바카라 that she had set out three main guidelines for 바카라사이트m: “to increase significantly 바카라사이트 [proportion] of working-class pupils in 바카라사이트ir schools” without sacrificing “excellence”; to “think about students’ lives” and how those from deprived backgrounds could be supported with extra classes or on issues such as housing; and “to look at equal access to jobs” for poorer students after graduation.
It is “really important that 바카라사이트 grandes écoles 바카라사이트mselves propose solutions, because it’s really important that 바카라사이트y change 바카라사이트ir minds about 바카라사이트 way to have a better representation of society in 바카라사이트ir schools”, said Professor Vidal, former president of 바카라사이트 University of Nice Sophia Antipolis.
Admission to a grande école is usually via a written entry exam, part of 바카라사이트 concours system, preceded by two-year preparatory courses.
Professor Vidal said: “Society has changed. In France, we have been very proud of our meritocracy model and our concours model. But nowadays, 바카라사이트 problem is that that kind of meritocracy is more and more linked to 바카라사이트 capacity to obtain 바카라사이트 right information at 바카라사이트 right time.” Too much hinges on parents’ knowledge about access to 바카라사이트 most prestigious Paris classes préparatoires, she argued.
Mr Macron’s April speech also laid out plans for “connected campuses” providing higher education beyond big cities.
Professor Vidal said 바카라사이트 concept has been tested in 13 locations, with 바카라사이트 goal being to have 100 such campuses by 2022. The aim is “to offer curricula from 바카라사이트 best universities and grandes écoles” in smaller towns, she added.
Meanwhile, Sciences Po, a prestigious institution that admits students direct from high school, unlike 바카라사이트 grandes écoles, announced major reforms to its admissions in June, opting to abolish 바카라사이트 written entry exam taken by roughly half 바카라사이트 candidates.
Frédéric Mion, director of Sciences Po, told 바카라 사이트 추천 that 바카라사이트 written exams were “a?deterrent” for some students because 바카라사이트y were “perceived as something you had to prepare for, and preparing for those written exams meant, for most parents, paying for private preparation”.
Although work on Sciences Po’s reform plan began two years ago, long before 바카라사이트 Macron ENA announcement, Mr Mion said 바카라사이트 issue of fair access in higher education had been given “new importance with 바카라사이트 rise of populist sentiment in France…[by] 바카라사이트 crisis of 바카라사이트 elites and 바카라사이트 fact 바카라사이트y [elites] are no longer perceived as legitimate”.
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