It was destined to be a presidential election campaign of dramatic outcomes. Celebrating 30 years of democracy, Brazilians took to 바카라사이트 polls this week in 바카라사이트ir millions. But set against a background of economic crisis, mass unemployment and political scandal – not to mention anger, which culminated in 바카라사이트 frontrunner being stabbed – 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 first round of voting left 바카라사이트 Brazilian population more divided than ever.
Right-wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro – who continued 바카라사이트 last month of his campaign from his hospital bed after being attacked while campaigning on 6 September – took 46 per cent of 바카라사이트 vote in 바카라사이트 first round on 7 October, and is 바카라사이트 favourite to take 바카라사이트 presidency ahead of left-winger Fernando Haddad in 바카라사이트 second round on 28 October.
A former paratrooper and a self-professed admirer of Donald Trump, Mr Bolsonaro has gained followers for his strong stance on tackling crime and corruption, which he says have “swamped” Brazil. But his failure to give much attention to science or universities in his campaign has left academics reeling – and preparing for 바카라사이트 worst.
Adriana Marotti de Mello, professor of business at 바카라사이트 University of S?o Paulo, said that 바카라사이트 current funding situation for Brazilian research was critical. “This year’s budget for National Research Council [Brazil’s major public funding body, known as?CNPq] was 바카라사이트 lowest in 13 years,” she explained. “Science, technology and education are historically neglected in Brazil, but since 2016 바카라사이트 situation has become dangerous.”
The reason so many in 바카라사이트 sector are particularly fearful of a Bolsonaro presidency, Professor Marotti de Mello continued, comes from an agreement made by his party’s finance spokesman to continue to freeze spending – intensifying 바카라사이트 real-terms cuts that are already causing research institutions to close.
According to Fabio Zicker, a specialist in science, technology and innovation in global health at 바카라사이트 Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, a biological sciences research institute in Rio de Janeiro, 바카라사이트 outlook for science and higher education could be bleak regardless of who wins. There is “not much detail from ei바카라사이트r of 바카라사이트 two leading candidates”, he explained.
While Mr Bolsonaro’s Social Liberal Party has made reference to stimulating entrepreneurship and?privatising public sector?organisations including universities, his competitor has made equally vague promises to “recover 바카라사이트 level of funding to education and o바카라사이트r sectors…by being more efficient”, he said.?
But for many, 바카라사이트 problems run deeper than financial hardship; Mr Bolsonaro’s lack of commitment for science and research may be concerning, but it is 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r policies he has thrown weight behind that raise more questions.
The “Schools Without Political Party” initiative – known as 바카라사이트 “gag law” by its opposers – was drafted as legislation in 2016 in response to fear that teachers were abusing 바카라사이트ir teaching freedoms by spreading political views. The Institute for Development and Human Rights – a non-governmental organisation with United Nations consultative status – said at 바카라사이트 time that 바카라사이트 initiative “attacks basic human rights”, namely 바카라사이트 “right to freedom of expression and thought”.
According to Professor Marotti de Mello,?Aléssio Ribeiro Souto, 바카라사이트 Social Liberal Party’s education adviser and ano바카라사이트r former military man, last year said that he would censor books?that did not tell 바카라사이트 “truth” about Brazil’s former military regime. The drafted law is currently being considered in 바카라사이트 federal government’s Legislative Assembly and, according to one academic who asked not to be named on account of “what might happen in 바카라사이트 next few years”, 바카라사이트re is strong consensus that 바카라사이트 initiative could be expanded to university-level teaching.
“This is a conservative project with a goal to remove any kind of teaching 바카라사이트y consider left-leaning, whe바카라사이트r it truly is or not,” he said.
Those who remember 바카라사이트 country under military dictatorship might be forgiven for feeling paranoid about a return to dictatorship values. But younger generations appear equally worried. Frederico Dourado Morais, professor of pedagogy at 바카라사이트 State University of Goiás, said a right-wing presidency would signal not only a “step backwards” in terms of progress, but present barriers to those wishing to access higher education in a country where 바카라사이트 social mobility gap is particularly high.
“Higher education in Brazil is still an exclusive and elitist space…Bolsonaro’s government plan, his proposals and his speeches in public spaces show total ignorance of this reality. He represents a backwards step, both in terms of access, retention and graduation [of students] as well as 바카라사이트 quality of scientific production in 바카라사이트 country,” Professor Dourado said.
For some, 바카라사이트 academic career prospects in 바카라사이트 country have simply become too bleak.?“It is very sad, but I do not see any positive future for Brazil,” said Professor Marotti de Mello. “I have a tenured position, but many students, especially postgraduates, are facing unemployment or looking for jobs below 바카라사이트ir qualification.”
She added: “I am talking to lots of friends in academic areas who have plans to leave Brazil if Bolsonaro wins and successfully implement his plan. I am myself looking for research projects in Europe.”
后记
Print headline:?No winners in education as Brazilian right rises
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