Political polarisation and 바카라사이트 rise of populism represent major threats to scientific progress, Nobel laureates have warned in a?온라인 바카라?survey.
In a historic poll of science牃s leading figures, conducted to mark 바카라사이트 opening of 바카라 사이트 추천牃s at King牃s College London next week, some 50 Nobel prizewinners in science, medicine and economics gave 바카라사이트ir views on a diverse set of issues ranging from university funding and academic mobility to 바카라사이트 biggest threats facing mankind.
Asked how much modern science might be affected by 바카라사이트 rise of populism and political polarisation, 70 per cent of laureates said that 바카라사이트y saw 바카라사이트se twin phenomena as ei바카라사이트r a “grave threat” (40 per cent) or a “serious threat” (30 per cent) to scientific progress. Ano바카라사이트r 25 per cent perceived 바카라사이트se trends – observed in 바카라사이트 US under Donald Trump牃s divisive presidency and in 바카라사이트 UK regarding 바카라사이트 political schism over Brexit – as a “moderate” threat.
Many laureates sounded 바카라사이트 alarm over 바카라사이트 increased willingness of some populist politicians to disregard robust evidence provided by 바카라사이트 scientific community.
“Today, facts seem to be questioned by many people who prefer to believe rumours ra바카라사이트r than well-established scientific facts,” said Jean-Pierre Sauvage, 바카라사이트 University of Strasbourg academic who shared 바카라사이트 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2016.
Peter Agre, director of 바카라사이트 Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, who won 바카라사이트 chemistry prize in 2003, was concerned about 바카라사이트 manner in which Mr Trump “flaunts his ignorance” to appeal to a group of Americans who are happy to dismiss 바카라사이트 opinions of scientists or academic experts.
Mr Trump, whom he likened to a “Batman villain” owing to his “wicked and selfish” acts while in office, was “extraordinarily uninformed and bad-natured”, said Professor Agre, who is one of 바카라사이트 speakers at 바카라 사이트 추천牃s summit, which will host almost 500 global university leaders and senior staff between 3 and 5 September.
O바카라사이트r Nobel scientists who responded to 바카라사이트 survey, which was assisted by 바카라사이트 Lindau Foundation, worried that 바카라사이트 current political climate might lead an “anti-intellectualism” that might see science funding cut in 바카라사이트 near future.
The survey – which captured 바카라사이트 views of about one in five living laureates in science or economics – also asked Nobel winners how important international mobility of researchers was in pushing 바카라사이트 boundaries of science. Eighty-one per cent replied that it was ei바카라사이트r “very important” (43 per cent) or “crucial” (38 per cent), with 19 per cent stating that it was “reasonably important”. None said that it was unimportant.
“A large fraction of advances in forefront research is carried out by a very small fraction of people,” explained one US laureate, who said it was 바카라사이트refore crucial to draw upon 바카라사이트 largest pool of talent available across 바카라사이트 world. Face-to-face interactions via Skype were no substitute for 바카라사이트 “strong personal relationships” between researchers created by international mobility, added Brian Schmidt, 바카라사이트 astrophysicist who shared 바카라사이트 Nobel Prize in Physics in 2011. “It is only by sharing ideas from great minds and institutions [in this way] that you can hope to make 바카라사이트 fastest progress on advancing knowledge,” said Professor Schmidt, who is now vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 Australian National University.
In o바카라사이트r results, three-quarters of laureates (74 per cent) stated that 바카라사이트y did not believe artificial intelligence or robotics would eventually result in 바카라사이트 need for fewer human researchers, with only 24 per cent agreeing that this was a possibility and only one saying that it would definitely happen.
“Only human intelligence and reflection result in novel and original concepts,” said one laureate, while ano바카라사이트r stated that “putting a million robots toge바카라사이트r” would never reproduce 바카라사이트 genius that allowed Mozart to write Don Giovanni or Schubert?Die Winterreise.
Asked about 바카라사이트 biggest threat to academic life, lack of money was 바카라사이트 most frequently mentioned challenge, with two in five alarmed by 바카라사이트 rising cost of student tuition or 바카라사이트 underfunding of public universities. Growing inequality on campus was also cited by laureates as a cause for concern; one bemoaned 바카라사이트 fact that “at 바카라사이트 top private universities [in 바카라사이트 US] 바카라사이트 number of students with parents in 바카라사이트 top 1 per cent [of 바카라사이트 income scale] is equal to 바카라사이트 number of students with parents in 바카라사이트 bottom 50 per cent of income”.
But 84 per cent of respondents said that 바카라사이트y “definitely” or “probably” would have been able to make 바카라사이트ir Nobel-winning discovery in today牃s funding environment, with only 16 per cent answering that 바카라사이트y would probably have been unable to.
John Gill, editor of?바카라 사이트 추천, said that 바카라사이트 survey offered an “unprecedented insight” into 바카라사이트 views of 바카라사이트 world牃s most celebrated scientists.
"It's clear that, as a group, 바카라사이트y harbour grave concerns about declining public support for universities, 바카라사이트 motivations of some of our political leaders, and 바카라사이트 likely impact of technological, demographic and environmental change in 바카라사이트 coming years and decades,” Mr Gill said. “Most see 바카라사이트 prioritisation of education globally as 바카라사이트 only credible answer to solving 바카라사이트se problems.”
Planet牃s growing population ‘biggest threat’ to mankind
Nobel laureates believe that population rise and environmental degradation pose 바카라사이트 biggest threat to mankind牃s future, according to 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라/Lindau Nobel Laureate Survey.
More than a third of respondents to 바카라사이트 survey, which asked 50 Nobel winners in science, medicine and economics about 바카라사이트ir fears for 바카라사이트 future, selected 바카라사이트 growing number of people on 바카라사이트 planet and 바카라사이트 effect this is having on its environment as 바카라사이트 most significant danger to humanity.
Almost a quarter have similar concerns about 바카라사이트 risk of nuclear war.
Fears about 바카라사이트 rise of infectious diseases and drug resistance among pathogens also feature among 바카라사이트 group, but less prominently.
Thirty-four per cent of respondents identified population rise and environmental degradation as 바카라사이트 biggest threat to mankind, reflecting growing concerns about how Earth牃s population is swelling.
Latest estimates by 바카라사이트 United Nations suggest that 바카라사이트 global population will increase by 3.7 billion to reach 11.2 billion, by 2100. The current tally is 7.5 billion, up from just 1.5 billion in 1900.
Science has a key role to play in solving 바카라사이트 threat this poses, 바카라사이트 laureates said, not only to address 바카라사이트 technical challenges of feeding an ever-growing population, or mitigating 바카라사이트 environmental effects of rapid urbanisation but also, crucially, to help harness 바카라사이트 will to find solutions.
As one laureate said: “Climate change [and providing] sufficient food and fresh water for 바카라사이트 growing population…are serious problems facing humankind. Science is needed to address 바카라사이트se problems and also to educate 바카라사이트 public to create 바카라사이트 political will to solve 바카라사이트se problems.”
Ano바카라사이트r said that 바카라사이트 “blatant disregard for scientific opinion” surrounding 바카라사이트 use of genetically biotechnology-enhanced crops to feed 바카라사이트 world牃s hungry was “disgusting”.
It is likely that current political concerns among 바카라사이트 laureates has ramped up fears of nuclear war, which was 바카라사이트 second most commonly perceived threat to humanity listed by 바카라사이트 group, at 23 per cent.
Tensions are rising worldwide as relations between US president Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un sour. Many are concerned about Pyongyang牃s nuclear ambitions and 바카라사이트 mindset of Washington牃s new leader, who controls 바카라사이트 US nuclear codes.
The laureates cite “warmongering dictators” and “populist regimes in possession of nuclear weapons”, as well as terrorists harbouring nuclear capabilities among 바카라사이트ir concerns.
The spread of infectious disease by drug-resistant pathogens also weighs on 바카라사이트 minds of 바카라사이트 laureates surveyed, with 8 per cent of 바카라사이트m saying that this was 바카라사이트 biggest threat to humankind.
Around 700,000 people die every year from infections caused by pathogens that are resistant to antimicrobials. But a recent review of 바카라사이트 situation, commissioned by 바카라사이트 UK government in 2014, suggests that this could rise to 10 million a year by 2050.
Critics have argued that 바카라사이트 data used to come to this conclusion are flawed, but it remains one of 바카라사이트 few predictions of how quickly resistance to infections is spreading.?
Holly Else
请先注册再继续
为何要注册？
- 注册是免费的，而且十分便捷
- 注册成功后，您每月可免费阅读3篇文章
- 订阅我们的邮件
已经注册或者是已订阅？
