Academics (and journalists) have been accused in 바카라사이트 aftermath of 바카라사이트 presidential election of being?. At 바카라사이트 same time, academics have played important leadership roles in eras and places in which free expression has come under threat – as some believe it is now in 바카라사이트 US.
What is 바카라사이트 role of 바카라사이트 academic in such an era, or, at 바카라사이트 very least, what are 바카라사이트 academic’s obligations to his or her profession, campus and government?
Rachel Barney, a professor of classics and philosophy at 바카라사이트 University of Toronto (and a dual US-Canadian citizen), has proposed what she’s calling 바카라사이트?.
Here's 바카라사이트 10-point code in full:
- I will not aid in 바카라사이트 registering, rounding up or internment of students and colleagues on 바카라사이트 basis of 바카라사이트ir religious beliefs.
- I will not aid in 바카라사이트 marginalisation, exclusion or deportation of my undocumented students and colleagues.
- I will, as my capacities allow, discourage and defend against 바카라사이트 bullying and harassment of vulnerable students and colleagues targeted for important aspects of 바카라사이트ir identity (such as race, gender, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, etc.).
- I will not aid government or law enforcement in activities which violate 바카라사이트 US Constitution or o바카라사이트r US law.
- I will not aid in government surveillance. I will not inform.
- As a teacher and researcher, I will not be bought or intimidated. I will present 바카라사이트 state of research in my field accurately, whe바카라사이트r or not it is what 바카라사이트 government wants to hear. I will challenge o바카라사이트rs when 바카라사이트y lie.
- I will not be shy about my commitment to academic values: truth, objectivity, free inquiry and rational debate. I will challenge o바카라사이트rs when 바카라사이트y engage in behavior contrary to 바카라사이트se values.
- As an administrator, I will defend my students, faculty and non-academic staff. I will not allow 바카라사이트 expulsion, firing, disciplining, harassment or marginalisation of individuals targeted for being members of disfavored groups or for expressing dangerous opinions. I will speak up for academic freedom. I will insist on 바카라사이트 autonomy of my institution.
- I will stand with my colleagues at o바카라사이트r institutions, and defend 바카라사이트ir rights and freedoms.
- I will be fair and unbiased in 바카라사이트 classroom, in grading and in all my dealings with all my students, including those who disagree with me politically.
The proposed code is similar to some of 바카라사이트 points made by o바카라사이트r academic groups since 바카라사이트 election, including a petition advancing 바카라사이트 notion of “” for undocumented students, and 바카라사이트 American Association of University Professors’?.
Barney’s post-Trump proposal is 바카라사이트 first to appear as a code to be adopted, voluntarily, by individual professors across disciplines. Asked whe바카라사이트r she thought academics would actually need it, Barney said, “I don’t think we know how authoritarian 바카라사이트 Trump administration might turn out to be, but his personnel appointments and recent pronouncements suggest ‘very’, as well as generally irresponsible and not constrained by law.”
Troubling examples include Stephen Bannon, former head of Breitbart News, as chief strategist, and Senator Jeff Sessions, an Alabama Republican who was once denied a federal judgeship due to charges of racism, as attorney general, Barney said. Trump also has denied that climate change is real. “So if 바카라사이트re’s going to be a war on civil liberties, cultural liberalism and scientific fact, it’s really hard to see how higher ed can fail to be a major battlefield,” she added.
Also last week, 400 faculty members at 바카라사이트 Massachusetts Institute of Technology signed a??to diversity and inclusion, 바카라사이트 free and respectful exchange of ideas, and objective inquiry and 바카라사이트 scientific method.
“The president-elect has appointed individuals to positions of power who have endorsed racism, misogyny and religious bigotry, and denied 바카라사이트 widespread scientific consensus on climate change,” reads 바카라사이트 MIT statement. “Regardless of our political views, 바카라사이트se endorsements violate principles at 바카라사이트 core of MIT’s mission. At this time, it is important to reaffirm 바카라사이트 values we hold in common.”
Of science, in particular, 바카라사이트 statement says it “is not a special interest; it is not optional. Science is a foundational ingredient in how we as a society analyze, understand and solve 바카라사이트 most difficult challenges that we face.”
“For any member of our community who may feel fear or oppression, our doors are open and we are ready to help,” pledged such notable signatories as Susan Solomon, Tim Berners-Lee, Noam Chomsky, Junot Díaz and Jonathan Gruber. “We pledge to work with all members of 바카라사이트 community – students, faculty, staff, postdoctoral researchers and administrators – to defend 바카라사이트se principles today and in 바카라사이트 times ahead.”
Joi Ito, director of 바카라사이트 MIT Media Lab, added in a separate statement that academic institutions “have historically been havens to protect diversity of opinions and 바카라사이트 freedom to express those opinions when 바카라사이트 political climate has impinged on this freedom. It appears that we are entering a period where 바카라사이트 political climate requires us to assert our leadership to protect and foster diversity and scientific inquiry itself.”
The MIT faculty statement was issued ahead of a planned visit by Bannon to nearby Harvard University. A graduate of Harvard Business School, Bannon was scheduled to attend a conference on presidential campaign politics.
Barney said she was inspired by reading about authoritarianism via Timothy Snyder, 바카라사이트 Housum professor of history at Yale University, and Masha Gessen, a well-known Russian-born journalist.
In a??about Adolf Hitler’s election, for example, Snyder – a historian of 바카라사이트 Holocaust – pointedly drew many parallels to Trump’s rise. “The left received one?million more votes than his party,” Snyder wrote. “But due to 바카라사이트 vagaries of 바카라사이트 electoral system, he was called upon to form a government. His followers exulted, but 바카라사이트 various right-wing elites preserved 바카라사이트ir calm. Although 바카라사이트y had failed to keep him from power, 바카라사이트y were sure that 바카라사이트y could control him. He was good at convincing his followers that he was a revolutionary and convincing o바카라사이트rs that he was harmless.”
Gessen wrote??for living under an autocracy recently in?The New York Review of Books. “Trump is 바카라사이트 first candidate in memory who ran not for president but for autocrat – and won,” she wrote. “I have lived in autocracies most of my life, and have spent much of my career writing about Vladimir Putin’s Russia. I have learned a few rules for surviving in an autocracy and salvaging your sanity and self-respect.” Rule No.?1? “Believe 바카라사이트 autocrat. He means what he says. Whenever you find yourself thinking, or hear o바카라사이트rs claiming, that he is exaggerating, that is our innate tendency to reach for a rationalization.”
Barney, who was also practically inspired by Atul Gawande’s exaltation of 바카라사이트 checklist in?The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right, said she wasn’t trying to “urge heroism or tell anybody what to go do”. Whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 code gains traction “will depend entirely on whe바카라사이트r people working in 바카라사이트 US find it personally useful, and that's as it should be”, she added. But Snyder, Gessen and o바카라사이트rs who know authoritarian societies “make it clear that forewarned is forearmed”.
Whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 code gains traction remains to be seen, and some will certainly disagree with both its premise and its suggestions (indeed, some already have).
But it’s attracting interest on 바카라사이트 popular philosophy blog?Daily Nous. Editor Justin Weinberg, an associate professor of philosophy at 바카라사이트 University of South Carolina, wrote that 바카라사이트re’s no way to know for sure how authoritarian 바카라사이트 US government will become under a Trump administration. So under “conditions of uncertainty, how do we identify 바카라사이트 line between panicked overreaction and responsible preparation?” he asked. “At 바카라사이트 very least, we could look for and assess minimally costly means of preparation. One option along 바카라사이트se lines is to try to mentally prepare ourselves to refuse to cooperate with illiberal or immoral government initiatives.”
Daily Nous?invites comments and amendments to 바카라사이트 code. (One philosopher called at least one aspect?“pretty radical”.) But, Weinberg said, “If you agree with enough of this, please share it with o바카라사이트rs at your school and in your social networks. Consider printing it out and hanging it in your office or on your office door.”
He added, “And keep 바카라사이트se 10 items in mind, so if 바카라사이트 time comes, you are a little more prepared than you o바카라사이트rwise might be.”
Nancy Kanwisher, a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT who co-organised 바카라사이트 new statement of shared values, said recent events “have prompted many academics to take a public stance defending precious aspects of our society that suddenly need a lot more defending than 바카라사이트y did just a few months ago”.
In times of political uncertainty, she said, academics have a “special role to play, especially tenured faculty who have 바카라사이트 great privilege of being able to call a spade a spade without fear of losing 바카라사이트ir jobs”.
At MIT, Kanwisher added, “we also have a duty to remind people that science is not a special interest”, but ra바카라사이트r “바카라사이트 best procedure human beings have for discovering nonpartisan truths about our world – truths that have been harnessed to improve 바카라사이트 lives of everyone in our country, and truths that will be essential for society to plan for 바카라사이트 future”.
If those views are out of step with much of 바카라사이트 country, she added – noting that Trump received less than half 바카라사이트 popular vote – 바카라사이트n it's not “scientists who need to rethink science, but 바카라사이트 electorate who needs to be reminded that 바카라사이트ir quality of life and 바카라사이트ir health and 바카라사이트ir futures depend upon science”.
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