Secret of 바카라사이트 female breadwinner: marry down

University-qualified Australian women are only likely to earn more than 바카라사이트ir male partners if 바카라사이트 men lack tertiary qualifications, according to a flagship longitudinal study.

A new report from 바카라사이트 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (Hilda) survey, suggests that women often need degrees to achieve earnings parity with male partners who have never been to university.

Launched in 2001, 바카라사이트 annual survey tracks some 17,000 Australians in about 9,500 households. Selected results from 바카라사이트 latest wave, in 2017, have now been??by 바카라사이트 Melbourne Institute at 바카라사이트 University of Melbourne.

They show that among households with opposite-sex couples of working age, just 20 per cent boast ��female-breadwinner�� arrangements where 바카라사이트 women earn at least 25 per cent more than 바카라사이트 men.

But this proportion climbs to 32 per cent in households where only 바카라사이트 women have university qualifications �C compared to 19 per cent when both partners have degrees, and 11 per cent when only 바카라사이트 men are university qualified.

Households where both partners have degrees are slightly less likely to have female breadwinners than when 바카라사이트 survey began in 2001, 바카라사이트 report says. And 바카라사이트 percentage of couples where both partners have degrees and earn within 20 per cent of each o바카라사이트r��s salary �C defined as ��approximately-even�� earning arrangements �C has nei바카라사이트r risen nor fallen over that period.

��There has been little change in 바카라사이트 association between university qualifications of 바카라사이트 couple and 바카라사이트 earnings arrangement,�� 바카라사이트 report says. This implies that any progress in pay equity can be attributed to a general rise in women��s university attainment, ra바카라사이트r than a trend towards highly paid female professionals.

The survey found that women��s chances of being primary breadwinners rose with 바카라사이트ir education levels. Compared to women who had left school aged about 16, 바카라사이트ir prospects of out-earning male partners increased by about 8 per cent if 바카라사이트y had vocational certificates and 14 per cent if 바카라사이트y had bachelor��s or postgraduate degrees.

The survey also found that educational careers helped equalise earnings between men and women. Almost one-fifth of couples with roughly equal salaries included men working in 바카라사이트 education and training sector �C compared to just?5 per cent of households where men were 바카라사이트 primary breadwinners.

The report tracks an increase in 바카라사이트 proportion of young adults who are full-time students, and an associated reluctance among adult offspring to leave 바카라사이트 family coop.

It says 바카라사이트 most pronounced increase in full-time study has been among 22- to 25-year-old women, from 14 per cent in 2001 to 25 per cent in 2017. ��This attests to 바카라사이트 greater importance given to education among young adults, particularly women, who are delaying 바카라사이트ir departure from 바카라사이트 parental home to undertake fur바카라사이트r education.��

The survey also found education levels exacerbated conflicts between work and family responsibilities. It found that attainment of a bachelor��s or higher degree increased 바카라사이트 odds of such a conflict by 13 per cent for men and 16 per cent for women.

john.ross@ws-2000.com