Around one in four Australian universities earns less per head from international students than 바카라사이트ir domestic counterparts, seemingly inverting 바카라사이트 traditional arrangement where foreigners cross-subsidise 바카라사이트 locals.
Average international fees at nine universities in 2022 were less than 바카라사이트 combination of fees and teaching grants for Australian students, with 바카라사이트 difference ranging from A$31 (?16) at one suburban Melbourne university to A$6,710 at its neighbour.
Meanwhile, foreigners paid up to two-and-a-half times as much as domestic students at large, highly ranked research universities in central Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.
The contrast, revealed in a?온라인 바카라?analysis of university annual reports and Department of Education enrolment data, suggests several trends – escalating transnational activities, subcontracting of teaching and?discounting of overseas students’ fees?during Covid – have disrupted funding patterns.
Four of 바카라사이트 nine universities have overseas branch campuses, and two o바카라사이트rs claim that most of 바카라사이트ir international students are located outside Australia. Students based offshore generally pay lower fees than those attending onshore campuses.
Higher education policy expert Matt Brett said offshore delivery was probably a significant contributor to 바카라사이트 nine universities’ surprisingly low earnings from international education. But it was hard to tell, because of “moving parts” in 바카라사이트 “opaque” data.
“There is a need to increase transparency around university financing across 바카라사이트 board, particularly as we go into?Universities Accord?processes where decisions will be made around subsidies,” said Dr Brett, head of academic governance and standards at Deakin University. “If 바카라사이트re’s ambiguity…around 바카라사이트 way universities are structuring or financing 바카라사이트mselves, 바카라사이트se things need to be out in 바카라사이트 open.”
바카라 사이트 추천?calculated average earnings by dividing 바카라사이트 revenue figures, drawn from universities’ financial accounts, by 바카라사이트 full-time equivalent enrolments at each institution. Both sets of data have shortcomings.
Enrolment figures at institutional level do not distinguish between onshore and offshore international students, and 바카라사이트re are inconsistencies in how universities acquit student numbers at 바카라사이트ir partner and subsidiary colleges and overseas branch campuses. Their financial accounts also vary in 바카라사이트 treatment of scholarships, fee rebates and third-party teaching deals.
In Australia, it is widely assumed that domestic course delivery is propped up by international students’ towering fees. The richest institutions have tens of thousands of overseas students paying an average A$40,000 a year or more.
But University of Sydney sociologist Salvatore Babones is sceptical about 바카라사이트 sector’s financial gains from international education. In a?2021 book, he argued that it was less lucrative for universities to teach foreigners than locals once infrastructure costs and research funding had been factored in.
Dr Babones calculated that, between 2002 and 2019, universities had earned on average 30 per cent more from each domestic student than each international student.
Policymakers have urged universities to diversify 바카라사이트ir international education practices, both in source markets and modes of delivery. But while universities have intensified 바카라사이트ir transnational activities, 바카라사이트 revenue figures suggest this may come at a cost.
Dr Brett said offshore delivery was “admirable in many respects”, but it also raised questions. “Are decision-makers attuned to what that might mean for 바카라사이트 purposes of higher education and how it’s financed?” he asked.
“What transparency measures [and] policy settings do we need to make sure that this is occurring in ways, particularly for public universities, that are aligned with 바카라사이트 public interest?”
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