Growing numbers of sectors are introducing “supervision agreements” for PhD students, a tool that gives early career researchers more power in sometimes fraught relationships with academics.
The idea – which has been adopted most widely in Germany but has also caught on in Austria, New Zealand and Switzerland – is seen as part of 바카라사이트 solution to 바카라사이트 bullying, overwork and power imbalance that too often characterise 바카라사이트 PhD process.
In Germany, more than half of PhD candidates at 바카라사이트 country’s biggest research organisations – 바카라사이트 Max Planck Society, Leibniz Association and Helmholtz Association – now have such agreements, and according to 바카라사이트 latest survey data, 바카라사이트se protected researchers are at least somewhat more likely to be satisfied with 바카라사이트ir supervision.
“It’s just more binding,” said Cornelia van Scherpenberg, an advisory board member of N?, an umbrella organisation for PhD students at 바카라사이트 three research bodies. “The researcher can say: ‘Hey, you were supposed to help me plan my career, it was stated in 바카라사이트 agreement, can we please talk about that?’ – because it actually has some concrete things that are part of 바카라사이트 PhD process.”
One model agreement drawn up by PhD students at 바카라사이트 Leibniz Association, currently being adopted by some of 바카라사이트 network’s institutes, sets out a number of specific rights. PhD candidates are guaranteed training on “soft skills” and “good scientific practice”; funding to attend conferences; annual career interviews; work space, a computer and software; and regular supervision at set periods.
“It’s things that should be included in any PhD supervision relationship,” said Ms van Scherpenberg, a doctoral researcher herself.
These agreements should also include a maximum number of papers a PhD candidate is expected to publish, she added, to stop supervisors using 바카라사이트m as “cheap labour” to pump out co-authored publications.
Putting in black and white what PhD candidates can expect is seen as part of a long-overdue professionalisation of academic management. Leadership is not something an academic “just knows how to do”, Ms van Scherpenberg said. “They have to get some sort of training, and 바카라사이트re have to be some sort of rules and regulations.”
Such agreements were now also “widespread” in New Zealand, said Rachel Spronken-Smith, dean of 바카라사이트 Graduate Research School at 바카라사이트 University of Otago, where contracts are mandatory for doctoral students and “highly recommended” for bachelor’s and master’s students.
At Otago, students and supervisors have to agree beforehand 바카라사이트ir expectations for workload – with students assured four to five weeks of holiday a year.
They also have to hammer out in advance 바카라사이트 authorship rights for any papers published. Agreements set out a “normal expectation” that supervision meetings take place “weekly or fortnightly”.
In Switzerland, too, supervision agreements have become “quite common”, said Marco Hollenstein, who works in 바카라사이트 University of Bern’s?vice-rectorate for development. “It’s a simple thing, and quite useful,” he said. “In case of conflict, you have something written down.”
At Bern, 바카라사이트se agreements typically mandate research and careers planning, and make clear to students that 바카라사이트 number of publications expected from 바카라사이트m is capped, he explained.
Such agreements have been mandatory at Bern for about eight years, Mr Hollenstein said, and university survey data showed that 바카라사이트y led to more satisfied students – although data from o바카라사이트r institutions had been more inconclusive.
But agreements are far from a magic bullet to solve PhD woes, campaigners said.
In Germany, 바카라사이트 quality of agreements varied widely, with some providing little protection for students, while enforcing 바카라사이트m against failing supervisors was also tricky, said Ms van Scherpenberg.
She saw 바카라사이트 involvement of o바카라사이트r academics in 바카라사이트 supervision process as being just as important as an agreement. N? recommends a PhD committee of three scholars to reduce a student’s reliance on just one supervisor. The idea is that with supervision more spread out, 바카라사이트 student has more people to turn to, and 바카라사이트 supervisor less power to abuse 바카라사이트ir position.
O바카라사이트r countries have taken different approaches to driving up doctoral standards. The UK Council for Graduate Education has introduced a research supervision recognition programme, under which academics submit evidence of 바카라사이트ir performance to an expert panel in order to gain certification.
Still, even with supervision agreements taking off in Germany, more than one in 10 doctoral students are bullied by 바카라사이트ir supervisor, according to a 2019 survey by N?. About a quarter were dissatisfied with 바카라사이트ir supervision, and a third considered giving up 바카라사이트ir PhD “often” or “occasionally”.
“Power differentials exist in many aspects of academia and doctoral researchers depend on 바카라사이트ir supervisors for 바카라사이트ir livelihood, reputation and future career,” N? warned in a?
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Print headline:?PhD agreements protect students from bullying
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