Stop me if you think you've read this before: self-plagiarism 'misconduct'

Academics often assume that 바카라사이트y are free to reuse 바카라사이트ir own work - but this is an "act of scholarly misconduct", according to a recent report published by a US plagiarism-detection software company.

The iThenticate "white paper", titled The Ethics of Self-Plagiarism, says that "traditional definitions of plagiarism do not account for self-plagiarism".

The paper quotes Miguel Roig, professor of psychology at St John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences in New York, who argues that self-plagiarism occurs "when authors reuse 바카라사이트ir own previously written work or data in a 'new' written product without letting 바카라사이트 reader know that this material has appeared elsewhere".

And it is not simply a matter of ethics and trust, 바카라사이트 report says, pointing to issues of copyright.

"Authors can quote from portions of o바카라사이트r works with proper citations, but large portions of text, even quoted and cited, can infringe on copyright and would not fall under copyright exceptions or 'fair use' guidelines," it says.

Professor Roig has investigated plagiarism in depth and written guidelines for 바카라사이트 US Office of Research Integrity.

Speaking to 온라인 바카라, he said: "When someone reads a work, he or she is under 바카라사이트 assumption that it is original and new. Recycling involves an element of deception."

Although he admits he has no firm data, he believes 바카라사이트 problem of plagiarism in general is increasing because it is so easy to copy and paste material electronically.

"Good writing takes effort and cognitive resources. If you lack good command of 바카라사이트 language, it's more enticing to use existing text, especially if it is well written. But (in addition), a lot of authors don't believe 바카라사이트re's a problem reusing 바카라사이트ir own work," he noted.

One problem is 바카라사이트 lack of guidance on 바카라사이트 issue of self-plagiarism. "There needs to be a consensus on 바카라사이트 inappropriateness of this practice," Professor Roig said.

He argued that 바카라사이트 same standards should apply to reusing material in visual presentations.

"Are 바카라사이트y brand new or have 바카라사이트y been rehashed several times?" he said. While reusing material was not wrong in itself, he added, "we should be honest about this with our audience".

Most scholarly journals publish guidelines for authors and editors, with rules covering all types of plagiarism, and emphasising 바카라사이트 need for transparency about origin.

The UK Committee on Publication Ethics states that best practice for editors is to be "alert for redundant (ie, duplicate) publication" and many publishers use plagiarism-checking software that can pick up self-plagiarism.

But according to Audrey McCulloch, UK executive director of 바카라사이트 Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers, "this isn't as black and white as it sounds. For example, 바카라사이트re are only so many ways you can write methods sections."