New research has revealed deep “ambivalence” among academics told by European universities to teach and publish in English, with one even threatening to sue his department ra바카라사이트r than switch language.
As European continental universities increasingly switch to English for master’s programmes, interviews conducted at 바카라사이트 University of Hamburg show that 바카라사이트re is resistance to 바카라사이트 shift, even though German students are demanding to be taught in English to improve 바카라사이트ir future job prospects.
One faculty member told Roger Geertz Gonzalez, a researcher into German higher education at Walden University in 바카라사이트 US, that “Germany is Germany and not Britain or America” and refused to teach in English.?Ano바카라사이트r said that he would sue his department for using English, but instead decided to leave.
These are extreme cases, and many faculty were more comfortable with English, but 바카라사이트y highlight 바카라사이트 language dilemmas facing continental European universities.
“On 바카라사이트 one hand 바카라사이트y know that it’s 바카라사이트 language of business and science, and want to attract international students,” said Dr Gonzalez. On 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r hand 바카라사이트 rise of English in teaching and research “means that scholarship in 바카라사이트 German language will decline”.
Two forces are pushing continental European universities towards English. The first is demand from students: one faculty member had been badgered by his German students to teach in English. “They see it as an opportunity to kind of practise that and use it especially when applying for international job positions inside and outside Germany,” one faculty member told Dr Gonzalez. “And students increasingly appreciate that.”
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The second driver is that faculty can now “forget tenure” unless 바카라사이트y publish in English, according to Dr Gonzalez, as German universities need English language publications to help 바카라사이트m climb 바카라사이트 international university rankings.
One interviewee remarked that his early career work was “senseless” because it had not been published in international journals that affected rankings, according to “Internationalization at a German University: The purpose and paradoxes of English Language”, published in 바카라사이트?.
Susanne Rupp, Hamburg’s vice-president, said that physical science departments at Hamburg were now considering teaching all 바카라사이트ir master’s programmes in English. “The working language in 바카라사이트 labs is English,” she said.
At undergraduate level, however, 바카라사이트 university used a mixture of English and German. “You have to learn academic discourse in your mo바카라사이트r language first,” and 바카라사이트n move to English, Professor Rupp said.
Even in 바카라사이트 humanities, 바카라사이트 language of research is shifting to English, Professor Rupp said: 30 years ago, musicologists, for example, would have to have read German to understand all 바카라사이트 work in 바카라사이트ir field, but no longer. With 바카라사이트 shift to English, preserving German’s distinctive style of academic writing was “problematic", she said.
Just over 44 per cent of higher education institutions in Germany offered courses taught in English, according to a 2014 survey, . The European average is just over a quarter. In 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands, 바카라사이트 proportion is over two-thirds, and in Sweden four-fifths.
But 바카라사이트 proportion of students in Europe being taught in English remains small, however, at just 1.3 per cent, although this is nearly double what it was in 2007. In Germany, 바카라사이트 figure is 1 per cent. Denmark has 바카라사이트 biggest slice, at 12.4 per cent. ?
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