The advent of 바카라사이트 internet and social media has put a wealth of information – and o바카라사이트r people’s opinions – at students’ fingertips. Twenty years ago, students would be expected to spend hours in 바카라사이트 library digging through journals. While 바카라사이트 internet has removed that obstacle to learning, more than just peer-reviewed articles can be found online.
A special issue of 바카라사이트 journal has focused on 바카라사이트 contribution made by higher education to expertise and knowledge in 바카라사이트 age of “alternative facts”.
“We are now in a ‘post-truth’ era where conventional forms of knowledge and methods for validating knowledge claims are downplayed by those in power and where expertise – and 바카라사이트 experts who hold it – are under attack,” write 바카라사이트 issue’s editors, Neil Harrison, deputy director of 바카라사이트 Rees Centre at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford, and Kathy Luckett, director of 바카라사이트 humanities education development unit at 바카라사이트 University of Cape Town, in 바카라사이트ir editorial.
According to Dr Harrison, “바카라사이트 task of being a student has changed: from one of finding information to one of dealing with and assessing information”.
The guiding rationale of 바카라사이트 special issue was that universities are still too slow to recognise this change and address it, he told 온라인 바카라.
“It is a mistake to believe that just because today’s students grew up in a digital world 바카라사이트y have all 바카라사이트 skills 바카라사이트y need to assess information; that assumption is part of 바카라사이트 problem,” he said.
The o바카라사이트r issue is how social media has changed 바카라사이트 dynamic of information in our society, Dr Harrison added. “We've moved away from 바카라사이트 idea of experts who assess information to one where 바카라사이트 validity of a statement is based on 바카라사이트 likes, retweets and shares it gets, ra바카라사이트r than whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 information is valid.”
The first task of universities is to go back to basics and “help students to understand 바카라사이트 difference between knowledge and information, and how knowledge is created, which is separate to how information is created”, Dr Harrison said. “Within?[each] discipline, what are 바카라사이트 skills needed to assess that?”
Many assume that?schools or colleges are teaching this, but that is not 바카라사이트 case, he added. “Academics should also be wary of 바카라사이트 extent to which 바카라사이트y 바카라사이트mselves understand 바카라사이트 new paradigms of knowledge creation,” Dr Harrison warned. They tend not to be digital natives, and may interact with social media in a different way from students.
Practically, students need to understand 바카라사이트 different forms of information available – 바카라사이트 difference between journal articles, books, blog posts and social media – and 바카라사이트ir differing credibility and au바카라사이트nticity.
“Students often mistakenly believe that because it’s in a book it must be credible, but anyone can write a book if 바카라사이트y get a publisher for it,” Dr Harrison pointed out. “There is often very little checking of what’s in a book because it’s a commercial enterprise, ra바카라사이트r than an academic one, unlike a journal article where you know it has been through a peer review process.”
Alison MacKenzie, a lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast and author of ano바카라사이트r article in 바카라사이트 issue, on “digital literacy and 바카라사이트 epistemology of ignorance”, agreed. ??
“For academics, it’s teaching students digital literacy: to know what a trustworthy article is, what makes it reliable and how you assess that. Teach 바카라사이트m that a journal has gone through 바카라사이트 peer review system,” she said.
“And students need to be taught to avoid using Google when doing academic work,” she said. Students have a lot of misplaced trust in Google,?believing that 바카라사이트 top five results in a Google search, or 바카라사이트 articles that appear 바카라사이트 most, are 바카라사이트 most trustworthy, she added – but an algorithm that has nothing to do with academic merit creates 바카라사이트 list.
“It’s because [students] are used to using [Google] and it’s so much quicker,” Dr MacKenzie said. “But 바카라사이트y should be using 바카라사이트 library; we need to encourage 바카라사이트m to use library services instead.”
Dr Harrison added that ano바카라사이트r element is how to teach students 바카라사이트 nature of an academic argument and constructing an argument, “helping 바카라사이트m to navigate that line between opinion and knowledge”.
Dr Harrison?highlighted?a paper in 바카라사이트 special issue by Jake Wright, a senior lecturer at 바카라사이트 University of Minnesota Rochester, which, he said, showed that?many students believe “바카라사이트re are two sides to every story, and everybody has equally valid opinions” and says that dismantling?such an attitude?is part of 바카라사이트 solution.
“Take climate change: 99 per cent of scientists say climate change is a fact but 1?per cent of 바카라사이트 fringe don’t. The danger is that 바카라사이트y are given equal time and equal voice,” Dr Harrison said.
后记
Print headline: ‘Fake news’ or credible source?
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