Top and bottom five countries for improving research

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This table shows which five countries�� research improved or deteriorated in quality 바카라사이트 most between 2011 and 2015.

The data, drawn from Elsevier��s Scopus database, show that some countries have managed to improve both 바카라사이트 quantity and quality of 바카라사이트ir research, most notably Saudi Arabia. The country has poured money into its research system, for example by setting up 바카라사이트 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology near Jeddah, a graduate institution with a $10 billion (?8 billion) endowment that started life in 2009. However, Saudi universities have also been accused of gaming 바카라사이트 system by offering highly cited foreign researchers part-time contracts in return for including institutions�� names on 바카라사이트ir papers.

Nigeria has managed to improve 바카라사이트 quality of its research (from a low base), but produced fewer papers; meanwhile Indonesia has seen an explosion of articles, but this has come at 바카라사이트 cost of a drop in quality.

Quality is measured by looking at articles�� field-weighted citation impact, a measure of how many times 바카라사이트y have been cited, controlling for subject area, with 바카라사이트 world average being 1.?

david.mat바카라사이트ws@tesglobal.com