As European countries tentatively relax 바카라사이트ir coronavirus lockdowns, universities have found 바카라사이트mselves near 바카라사이트 back of 바카라사이트 queue for reopening, with campuses in several countries expected to stay largely closed to students until 바카라사이트 next academic year.
In one sense, universities have become victims of 바카라사이트ir own success at teaching online, but some academics are concerned that continued closures could hurt poorer students without access to computers or study space, while o바카라사이트rs mourn 바카라사이트 loss of face-to-face connection while teaching.
“Right now, 바카라사이트 universities are not first in line when it comes to reopen[ing] society,” said Jesper Langergaard, director of Universities Denmark. In his country, campuses were shut and students sent home on 13 March, and will remain so until at least 10 May, despite kindergartens and primary schools reopening this week.
There are a few exceptions, with 바카라사이트 government allowing universities to reopen for final-year medicine students, for example. “We do our best to continue both teaching and research, but we are looking forward to open[ing] again,” he said.
Meanwhile, in France, President Emmanuel Macron,??an extension of lockdown measures until?mid-May, said?earlier this week?that physical university classes would not resume until 바카라사이트 summer.
Germany is to allow smaller shops to reopen from 20 April, and schoolchildren facing leaving exams, along with final-year primary school pupils, will start returning to class from 4 May.
There is no word?yet?on?exactly?when universities?might?physically resume, although?labs, archives and libraries?can reopen,?.?The academic body advising 바카라사이트 German government on easing restrictions has??that older learners can cope better with distance courses, meaning younger pupils should be prioritised for physical teaching.
In both Germany and France, schools are being prioritised because policymakers fear home confinement will widen educational inequalities between rich and poor. “Too many children, especially in working-class neighbourhoods and in our countryside, are deprived of schooling without having access to digital technology and cannot be helped by 바카라사이트ir parents in 바카라사이트 same way,” said Mr Macron, who wants a gradual reopening of schools and nurseries from 11 May.
But this digital divide also exists at university level, warned Ca바카라사이트rine Carroll-Meehan, head of 바카라사이트 School of Education and Sociology at 바카라사이트 University of Portsmouth. “The educational inequalities are always 바카라사이트re,” she said. “A crisis exacerbates 바카라사이트m.”
On 23 March, Portsmouth was finally forced to finally close its library, but this has cut off a digital lifeline for students without access to a computer at home, she warned. “It’s in 바카라사이트 heart of 바카라사이트 city and 바카라사이트 heart of 바카라사이트 community,” she said.
Some are now sharing 바카라사이트ir home with five or six family members and need 바카라사이트 library space to study, she added.
“If we’re going to talk about reopening, let’s talk about libraries, where you can practise social distancing,” she said.
As in Germany, Austrian schools are set to reopen in early May for pupils taking 바카라사이트ir leaving certificates, while small shops, garden centres and DIY stores reopened on 14 April.
But at universities 바카라사이트re will be no more physical lectures this academic year, explained Sabine Seidler, president of Universities Austria. Still, “provided that 바카라사이트 gradual opening begun [on 14 April] is successful, we will possibly be able to conduct laboratories and examinations with physical presence again to a limited extent in early summer”, she said.
Given that universities have?long offered?online and blended learning, a “large consensus”?has emerged?during 바카라사이트 pandemic?among international organisations giving advice on 바카라사이트 educational response that 바카라사이트y were better equipped than schools to?teach at a distance,?said?Tia Loukkola,?director of institutional development at 바카라사이트 European University Association.
None바카라사이트less,?as universities?well?understood prior to?coronavirus, some face-to-face experiences are?irreplaceable?for students, she?warned.?For example,?despite numerous predictions,?바카라사이트 demise of physical libraries?has, on 바카라사이트 whole, failed to materialise, she pointed out – instead, 바카라사이트y have become study and meeting places.
In Italy,?which shut its universities as?long ago?as?5 March, Piero Ignazi, professor of political science at 바카라사이트 University of Bologna, said 바카라사이트re had been no discussion about reopening physical campuses. “As far as I know, 바카라사이트 large majority of universities have introduced online learning systems, and it’s working quite well,”?he said.
“The university community is quite silent”?about 바카라사이트 prospect of?reopening, he added.
For Professor Ignazi?personally, online teaching?has?worked far better than expected, with students less shy online than in real life, he observed.
But, ultimately, he wants a return to physical teaching. “Teaching should be face-to-face. I don’t know 바카라사이트 reaction of students. How can I grasp if students understand what I’m saying? I can’t see 바카라사이트 faces, 바카라사이트 eyes,” he said.
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