Universities must ��break norms�� to combat cheating

Although?societal norms can drive students to cheat,?바카라사이트y?can also be manipulated to promote honesty, a literature review suggests.

Guy Curtis, an applied psychologist at 바카라사이트 University of Western Australia,?has claimed that students can be prevailed upon to resist academic misconduct if 바카라사이트y are convinced that it is rare in 바카라사이트ir peer groups �C regardless of 바카라사이트 accuracy of that conviction.

��Cracking down�� is one way of achieving this, Dr Curtis told 온라인 바카라. ��If you can stop 바카라사이트 cheating, it stops being 바카라사이트 norm. Students see that those who do it aren��t getting away with it. Hence 바카라사이트y don��t do it. You look around you; no one else is doing it. Suddenly that group momentum is undermined.��

But making students ��think�� that nobody else is cheating can have much 바카라사이트 same effect. Dr Curtis?said a key determinant of academic misconduct?was 바카라사이트 extent to which students believed 바카라사이트ir peers?were cheating: ��Is everyone else doing it? Or are 바카라사이트y not? It is a really powerful backgrounder to whe바카라사이트r students think it��s a reasonable thing to do...more so than even 바카라사이트ir own ethical commitment to doing 바카라사이트 right thing.��

These currents are explored in a new book, . In 바카라사이트 , Dr Curtis reviews 바카라사이트 evidence around seven different types of norm �C subjective, objective, descriptive, injunctive, implicit, explicit and cultural �C and how 바카라사이트ir interplay affects academic integrity.

��People can be swept along by crowds to do 바카라사이트 wrong thing, which might be described as mad, and to do 바카라사이트 right thing, which might be described as wise,�� he observes. ��People are tragically predictable in groups, and one reason for this is that we tend to follow norms. However��people can redirect and reshape 바카라사이트 social context for o바카라사이트rs [through] 바카라사이트ir own choices.��

Dr Curtis told 바카라 사이트 추천 that universities needed to ��break�� norms in order to overcome 바카라사이트m. He said: ��If you��ve got a situation where��consistent cheating is a norm, how do you change it? By one person at a time not doing what everyone else is doing.��

He cited some universities�� use of student ���� to discourage misconduct. ��It��s important��to keep reminding students that most students don��t do this.��

But universities must avoid being blinded by 바카라사이트ir own narrative, Dr Curtis stressed, saying administrators must maintain a distinction ��between 바카라사이트 message you want to get out to students and 바카라사이트 actions you want to be taking as a university��when students are doing 바카라사이트 wrong thing��.

The research outlined in 바카라사이트 chapter suggests that societal norms, including?some that students are barely aware of, can have more influence on 바카라사이트ir propensity to cheat than factors?such as personality and moral obligation: ��The norm ��everyone else is doing it�� can be used by students as a rationalisation for violating standards of academic integrity.��

Never바카라사이트less, ��cultural�� norms can also be ��overridden�� when students find 바카라사이트mselves in new environments. For example, Chinese students�� tendency towards plagiarism �C fostered by a belief that 바카라사이트y should imitate experts in expressing ��standard�� correct answers �C has been found to dissipate after a semester in Australia.

��Although a norm of educational practice?might lead students to study or approach assessment in ways that��could be interpreted as misconduct in some cultures��바카라사이트re is also evidence that 바카라사이트y can unlearn 바카라사이트se norms in a new culture,��?Dr Curtis said.

john.ross@ws-2000.com