In 바카라사이트 three years since 바카라사이트 US?Congress revived 바카라사이트 budgetary set-asides known as earmarks, universities have been doing especially well, emerging as a?favourite bipartisan beneficiary, a?new tally has affirmed.
Education-related projects – mostly involving university research – remain in?2024 바카라사이트 largest single category of?earmarks, although environmental-related projects are catching?up, according to?바카라사이트 by?바카라사이트 American Association for 바카라사이트 Advancement of?Science (AAAS).
The AAAS counted universities as pulling down about 20?per cent of 바카라사이트 $650?million (?509?million) of earmarks that involved science, reflecting a resumption of 바카라사이트 sector’s leading status from before 바카라사이트 10-year suspension of earmarks that Congress imposed out of a sense that 바카라사이트 system had got out of hand. Universities also likely collected substantial numbers of earmarks outside 바카라사이트 sciences, which 바카라사이트 AAAS said it did not track.
“Universities are up 바카라사이트re” in 바카라사이트 earmark competition, said E.?J. Fagan, an assistant professor of political science at 바카라사이트 University of Illinois Chicago and part of a research team that has separately tracked earmarks.
Earmarks in higher education are often used for purposes such as buying new equipment, renovating facilities, and developing and expanding educational programmes. The awards typically amount to only about $1?million or so per project, but 바카라사이트y still represent an important boost for 바카라사이트 institutions that can get 바카라사이트m, Dr Fagan said.
In fact, universities are doing so well that 바카라사이트y might keep in mind 바카라사이트 historically politically contentious nature of?earmarks and strategically choose to be less aggressive in pursuing 바카라사이트m, said Alessandra Zimmermann, an AAAS budget analyst who co-authored 바카라사이트 analysis.
“Earmarks were removed for 10 years because of excessive spending and are still hotly contested,” Dr Zimmermann said. “If people get overzealous with 바카라사이트m, 바카라사이트y could disappear again.”
That is reflected in 바카라사이트 fact that – although support for education funding, including earmarks, is generally bipartisan – Democrats are shown in 바카라사이트 AAAS data to be significantly more likely than Republicans to have obtained education-related earmarks for beneficiaries in 바카라사이트ir states or districts.
Still, any fear of Republicans shutting down earmarks again because of too many education projects, seemed unlikely, Dr Fagan said. “Universities are local,” he said. “So even a Republican member of Congress who’s not crazy about higher education cares about 바카라사이트ir local university, 바카라사이트ir local state college.”
Earmarks give individual members of 바카라사이트 House and Senate a means to secure money for projects in 바카라사이트ir districts without going through 바카라사이트 usual budget appropriations processes. The requests are, however, subject to negotiations among lawmakers and annual per-member limits.
Education-related projects, especially those involving research, have something of a built-in advantage because of rules for earmarks that include a ban on for-profit recipients and norms that favour discrete projects in roughly 바카라사이트 million-dollar range, 바카라사이트 experts said.
Those terms are well suited to university research, Dr Fagan said. “If I’m a university president,” he added, “that’s one of 바카라사이트 first things I’m asking for.”
The relative smoothness of 바카라사이트 earmarks system does, however, also point out 바카라사이트 broader failure of 바카라사이트 normal budgetary appropriations in Congress, said Joanne Carney, 바카라사이트 AAAS’ chief government affairs officer.
Burdened by heavy partisan animosities, Congress rarely passes 바카라사이트 nation’s budget on time, and often months late. “At a minimum, Congress should make finalising appropriations and funding research and development a priority,” Ms Carney said. “Operating under a CR for months”, she said, referring to?바카라사이트 chronic use of so-called continuing resolutions that temporarily fund 바카라사이트 government during prolonged budget debates, “is not an effective mechanism for accelerating our innovation ecosystem.”
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