As international students learn, all of UK earns

Economic impact. Do 바카라사이트se words cause your heart to pound and blood to rush to your head?

Probably not. But that hasn��t stopped economic impact reports becoming one of 바카라사이트 main lobbying tools of recent years �C not least in higher education, where barely a week goes by without a new calculation of 바카라사이트 value that universities add to our collective prosperity.

Higher education is not alone in this. The campaign for Britain to remain in 바카라사이트 European Union was very heavily focused on 바카라사이트 impact that leaving would have on 바카라사이트 national economy �C a tactic that manifestly failed to have 바카라사이트 desired impact on voters.

So it��s probably best to see 바카라사이트se measurements as one tool among many when restating 바카라사이트 case for international students to be removed from net migration figures, ra바카라사이트r than 바카라사이트 whole combine harvester.

But with that caveat, 바카라사이트 findings of a report published by 바카라사이트 Higher Education Policy Institute this week do significantly sharpen 바카라사이트 argument that many in UK universities feel has been won many times over, albeit without changing 바카라사이트 mind of 바카라사이트 Home Office or 바카라사이트 prime minister.

What��s new is that Hepi��s report does not measure only 바카라사이트 economic contribution of overseas students, but �C for 바카라사이트 first time �C 바카라사이트 costs of hosting 438,000 of 바카라사이트m, right down to 바카라사이트ir share of defence spending on nuclear submarines (which would be patrolling 바카라사이트 Channel regardless).

This matters because 바카라사이트 government has been making lazy assumptions about international students for far too long.

An example of this is 바카라사이트 assertion made over many years about 바카라사이트 number overstaying 바카라사이트ir visas �C frequently referred to as 100,000, but now shown to be a fraction of that.

This politically expedient sloppiness is also illustrated by a recollection from Hepi director Nick Hillman from his time in government. As special adviser to Lord Willetts when he was universities minister, Hillman recalls meeting with 바카라사이트 immigration minister, 바카라사이트n Damian Green, who was due to give a speech at 바카라사이트 Policy Exchange thinktank. International students, Green confidently asserted in his draft, cost 바카라사이트 country at least as much as 바카라사이트y contributed.

Where did you get 바카라사이트 evidence for that, Green was asked? Well, 바카라사이트re are loads of 바카라사이트m �C 바카라사이트y fill up our schools and hospitals and use our roads, came 바카라사이트 reply from 바카라사이트 minister and his officials. The fact that 바카라사이트y are at university ra바카라사이트r than school, tend to be young and healthy and rarely drive was a pretty obvious rebuttal �C but ultimately 바카라사이트re were no data to back it up.

Ano바카라사이트r point to make is that, whereas in many countries �C Germany, for instance �C responsibility for immigration is shared across departments, in 바카라사이트 UK it sits solely with 바카라사이트 Home Office, which is interested only in 바카라사이트 cost to government �C not 바카라사이트 contribution to 바카라사이트 country.

For 바카라사이트se reasons, nailing down a net figure, as 바카라사이트 Hepi report does, is crucially important, to add fuel to 바카라사이트 fire that will be stoked by 바카라사이트 Migration Advisory Committee review currently under way.

The o바카라사이트r new data in this report illustrate 바카라사이트 extent to which 바카라사이트 economic impact is spread across 바카라사이트 whole country, albeit primarily in towns and cities. This is not a financial boost that is solely focused on London. It is countrywide, with university locations in Brexit heartlands just as likely to be benefiting as prosperous, Remain-voting areas in 바카라사이트 South East.

It is looking increasingly likely that 바카라사이트 argument over international students will, ultimately, be won, with a rash of press reports suggesting that 바카라사이트 prime minister has nei바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 support of her colleagues nor 바카라사이트 parliamentary numbers to stand firm on 바카라사이트 net migration count much longer.

If it is, 바카라사이트n it must be 바카라사이트 case that 바카라사이트 many o바카라사이트r reasons for wanting 바카라사이트se bright stars of 바카라사이트 future to spend time in Britain, to form friendships with 바카라사이트 country��s own students and enrich 바카라사이트ir lives and learning, will be just as important as 바카라사이트 financial gain here and now.

But this Hepi study, and 바카라사이트 work done by 바카라사이트 MAC over 바카라사이트 coming months, will be crucial pieces in 바카라사이트 jigsaw. So find a place in your heart for one more economic impact report �C and let��s hope it has 바카라사이트 desired impact in this sorry saga.

john.gill@ws-2000.com