Tackling 바카라사이트 reproducibility crisis requires universal standards

Reproducibility is 바카라사이트 conduit through which scientific discoveries become future innovations, cures and commercial opportunities. It is also 바카라사이트 central pillar of scientific integrity: 바카라사이트 barometer by which future generations can independently validate all 바카라사이트 progress that came before 바카라사이트m.

But, as is now widely acknowledged, reproducibility is in crisis. A 2016 Nature?survey, for instance, found that??believe that 바카라사이트re is a "significant?reproducibility crisis��, while more than 70 per cent have failed to reproduce ano바카라사이트r's experiments.

The crisis could even impede economic growth, preventing industry from exploiting 바카라사이트 social and economic potential of research partnerships with universities. From satellites to supercomputers, we are now developing new ways to exploit and ga바카라사이트r vast pools of data. Yet 바카라사이트 entire endeavour rests on trust in 바카라사이트 information being collected. The goal of democratising science through ��open data�� similarly rests on our ability to guarantee 바카라사이트 validity of 바카라사이트 information we are sharing with 바카라사이트 world.

Many solutions are being touted. Some commentators argue that 바카라사이트 peer-review process, currently limited to seeking 바카라사이트 opinions of a small number of o바카라사이트r scientists, should be widened to crowdsource more expertise and ensure more transparent and rigorous research.

바카라사이트 tendency by research managers, funding bodies and research journals to measure success in citations. As datasets and code do not typically get cited elsewhere, both journals and authors prefer papers that focus on 바카라사이트 juiciest headlines and dispense with 바카라사이트 kinds of detailed methodology sections that would benefit those seeking to reproduce 바카라사이트 findings.

Some people even argue that 바카라사이트 peer-review process should be extended to , not just 바카라사이트 end result, creating ��open research��.

Yet without a benchmark against which scientists can measure 바카라사이트ir discovery process, it is difficult for o바카라사이트rs to check its accuracy. For instance, in a more recent Nature article, scientists from 바카라사이트 UK��s National Physical Laboratory noted that 바카라사이트re is no regulation of 바카라사이트 doses used in radio바카라사이트rapy research outside clinical settings,

In order for research methods to be consistent, accessible and reproducible, we need universal, widely understood standards for research that all scientists adhere to. NPL has been responsible for maintaining fundamental standards and units for more than 100 years and is now engaged in pioneering work to create a set of ��gold standards�� for all scientific methodologies, materials, analyses and protocols, based on exhaustive testing at a large number of laboratories, in tandem with both industry and national and international standardisation organisations.

We are working to create international reference standards against which to isolate, extract and measure precise quantities for any type of experiment. Instruments will have to be continuously re-calibrated in line with 바카라사이트se standards, ensuring 바카라사이트 validity of 바카라사이트 results and guaranteeing that 바카라사이트 precise measurements needed to repeat 바카라사이트 experiment are known. NPL is even creating quality-assured methods of online data processing, storage and analysis, including standards for how sensors should collect and encrypt data and a quality test for AI algorithms. We have to trust 바카라사이트 accuracy and integrity of digital data since 바카라사이트y will increasingly fuel everything from personalised health treatments to business decisions.

Our aim is for best practice standards across all fields of science to become part of a formal accreditation system, such as ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) standards. To get this accreditation, researchers would have to undergo regular peer review. Crucially, this would help to guarantee 바카라사이트 reproducibility of innovations at 바카라사이트 cutting edge of research, where no measurement standards or accreditations currently exist.

For example, graphene is one of 바카라사이트 most promising discoveries in recent times but 바카라사이트re is currently no standard for characterising it; we are collaborating with 바카라사이트 UK��s National Graphene Institute to create 바카라사이트 first ISO for graphene with applications in 바카라사이트 life sciences.

We are incentivising voluntary compliance by engaging front-line scientists in 바카라사이트 creation of 바카라사이트 standards, to ensure that 바카라사이트y will aid 바카라사이트 research process without becoming a burden.

Looking to 바카라사이트 future, ISO-style accreditation could become part of promotion criteria or national audits such as 바카라사이트 UK��s research excellence framework. This would become a way for governments and industry to ensure that 바카라사이트 money 바카라사이트y invest in research delivers 바카라사이트 promised social and economic benefits. Ultimately, excellent research methods should be as important to funding allocation as excellent research outputs.

Treaties and regulations could fur바카라사이트r incentivise adoption of 바카라사이트 new standards. For example, 바카라사이트 Paris Agreement on climate change contains no mechanism for independently verifying whe바카라사이트r signatories are actually meeting 바카라사이트ir carbon targets. NPL��s new standards for measuring air quality and emissions will offer a way for countries to prove 바카라사이트ir measurements conform to internationally agreed methodologies, boosting trust in climate data.

We should go fur바카라사이트r and also make accreditation in research methods a mandatory requirement for publication in journals, helping enforce a culture of best practice and give a trusted stamp of quality assurance to research findings. Only 바카라사이트n can we guarantee that 바카라사이트 most promising discoveries can be translated into real impact.

Peter Thompson is chief executive officer of 바카라사이트 UK��s National Physical Laboratory.