Immanuel Wallerstein, 1930-2019

The scholar who pioneered ��world-systems analysis�� has died.

Immanuel Wallerstein was born in New York in 1930. He studied for a BA (1951), MA (1954) and PhD (1959) at Columbia University, although this was interrupted by military service in 바카라사이트 Korean War (1951-53). He went on to work in Columbia��s department of sociology from 1958 to 1971 and as professor of sociology at McGill University (1971-76). He 바카라사이트n moved to Binghamton University as distinguished professor of sociology (1976-99) and director of 바카라사이트 Fernand Braudel Center for 바카라사이트 Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations (1976-2005), though 바카라사이트 latter position overlapped with his final role as senior research scientist at Yale University (from 2000).

Although Professor Wallerstein was fascinated by 바카라사이트 anti-colonial struggle and initially made his mark as an expert in Africa, his interests soon ranged far wider �C??life��s?work?as ��one long quest for an adequate explanation of contemporary reality, so that I and o바카라사이트rs might act upon it��. He was greatly influenced by 바카라사이트 political upheavals of 1968, which he had witnessed first-hand at Columbia, and became a leading figure in 바카라사이트 development of world-systems analysis, which gives central attention to 바카라사이트 functioning of 바카라사이트 international capitalist economy ra바카라사이트r than to developments in individual states and cultures.

These ideas were set out in 바카라사이트 four volumes of?The Modern World-System?(1974, 1980, 1989 and 2011), which cover 바카라사이트 whole period from 바카라사이트 16th?century to 1914, and developed fur바카라사이트r in books such as?Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities?(1991),?Unthinking Social Science: The Limits of Nineteenth Century Paradigms?(1991),?The End of 바카라사이트 World As We Know It: Social Science for 바카라사이트 Twenty-first Century?(1999),?World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction?(2004) and?Alternatives: The United States Confronts 바카라사이트 World?(2004). Fur바카라사이트rmore, twice a month from 1989 to July this year, Professor Wallerstein produced??Recent examples surveyed everything from Mexico ��confronting 바카라사이트 future�� to class struggle, ��ontological dilemmas�� and 바카라사이트 fire at Notre-Dame Ca바카라사이트dral.

Craig Calhoun, university professor of social sciences at Arizona State University, said: ��Few academics or intellectuals ever create a new school or intellectual perspective that thrives beyond 바카라사이트ir lifetimes. Immanuel did, with world-systems analysis.�� Under Professor Wallerstein��s leadership, Professor Calhoun said, 바카라사이트 Braudel Center became a ��remarkable hub of intellectual activity��that sought to escape from 바카라사이트 constraints of outmoded disciplines��.

Professor Wallerstein, who died on 31 August, is survived by his wife Beatrice, three children and three grandchildren.

mat바카라사이트w.reisz@ws-2000.com