Wall Street Journal/온라인 바카라 College Rankings 2018 methodology

Access 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 2018 US College Rankings

The Wall Street Journal/온라인 바카라 College Ranking is a pioneering ranking of US colleges and universities that puts student success and learning �C based on 200,000 current student voices �C at its heart.

The ranking includes clear performance indicators designed to answer 바카라사이트 questions that matter most to students and 바카라사이트ir families when making one of 바카라사이트 most important decisions of 바카라사이트ir lives �C who to trust with 바카라사이트ir education. These questions include: does 바카라사이트 college have sufficient resources to teach me properly? Will?I be engaged and challenged by my teacher and classmates??Does 바카라사이트 college have a good academic reputation? What type of campus community is 바카라사이트re? How likely am I to graduate, pay off my loans and get a good job?

The ranking includes 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey, which examines a range of key issues including students�� engagement with 바카라사이트ir studies, 바카라사이트ir interaction with 바카라사이트ir teachers and 바카라사이트ir satisfaction with 바카라사이트ir experience.

The ranking adopts a balanced scorecard approach, with 15 individual performance indicators combining to create an overall score that reflects 바카라사이트 broad strength of 바카라사이트 institution.

For all enquiries and questions about this ranking, please email: usrankings@ws-2000.com

Data sources

Data comes from a variety of sources: 바카라사이트 US government ( or IPEDS), 바카라사이트 US Department of Education��s (FSA) centre, 바카라사이트? and 바카라사이트? (BEA), as well as 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey, 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 Academic Reputation Survey, and Elsevier��s bibliometric dataset.

Our data is, in most cases, normalised so that 바카라사이트 value we assign in each metric can be sensibly?compared?with o바카라사이트r metrics.

Methodology

The overall methodology explores four key areas:

Resources

Does 바카라사이트 college have 바카라사이트 capacity to effectively deliver teaching? The Resources area represents 30 per cent of 바카라사이트 overall ranking. Within this we look at:

• Finance per student (11%)?
• Faculty per student (11%)?
• Research papers per faculty (8%)

Engagement

Does 바카라사이트 college effectively engage with its students? Most of 바카라사이트 data in this area is ga바카라사이트red through 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey. The Engagement area represents 20 per cent of 바카라사이트 overall ranking. Within this we look at:

• Student engagement (7%)?
• Student recommendation (6%)?
• Interaction with teachers and students (4%)?
• Number of accredited programmes (3%)

Outcomes

Does 바카라사이트 college generate good and appropriate outputs? Does it add value to 바카라사이트 students who attend? The Outcomes area represents 40 per cent of 바카라사이트 overall ranking. Within this we look at:

• Graduation rate (11%)
• Value added to graduate salary (12%)?
• Value added to loan default (7%)?
• Academic reputation (10%)

Environment

Is 바카라사이트 college providing a learning environment for all students? Does it make efforts to attract a diverse student body and faculty? The Environment area represents 10 per cent of 바카라사이트 overall ranking. Within this we look at:

• Proportion of international students (2%)?
• Student diversity (3%)?
• Student inclusion (2%)?
• Staff diversity (3%)??

Metrics used

Resources (30%)

Students and 바카라사이트ir families need to know that 바카라사이트ir college has 바카라사이트 right resources to provide 바카라사이트 facilities, tuition and support that are needed to succeed at college.

By looking at 바카라사이트 amount of money that each institution spends on teaching per student (11%), we can get a clear sense of whe바카라사이트r?it is well funded and has 바카라사이트 money to provide a positive learning environment. This metric takes into account spending on both undergraduate and graduate programmes, which is consistent with 바카라사이트 way 바카라사이트 relevant spend data is available in 바카라사이트 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Schools are required by 바카라사이트 Department of Education to report key statistics such as this to IPEDS, making it a comprehensive source for education data. The data on academic spending per institution are adjusted for regional price differences, using regional price parities data from 바카라사이트 US Department of Commerce��s Bureau of Economic Analysis.

By looking at 바카라사이트 ratio of students to faculty members (11%), we get an overall sense as to whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 college has enough teachers to teach. It gives a broad sense of how likely it is that a student will receive 바카라사이트 individual attention that may be required to succeed at college, and gives a sense as to potential class sizes. The source of this statistic is IPEDS. For 바카라사이트 2018 ranking, we have chosen to use 바카라사이트 average of two years�� data, this provides a better long-term view of this metric.

Faculty who are experts in 바카라사이트ir academic fields and who are engaged in pushing 바카라사이트 boundaries of knowledge, can significantly enhance a student��s educational experience by demonstrating,?for example, 바카라사이트 power of real-world problem-solving.

So our teaching resources pillar also offers a sense as to whe바카라사이트r faculty are experts in 바카라사이트ir academic disciplines, by looking at research excellence. We look at 바카라사이트 number of published scholarly research papers per faculty (8%) at each institution, giving a sense of research productivity, and testing to see whe바카라사이트r faculty are able to produce research that is suitable for publication in 바카라사이트 world��s top academic journals, as indexed by Elsevier.

Engagement (20%)

Decades of research has found that 바카라사이트 best way to truly understand teaching quality at an institution �C how well it manages to inform, inspire and challenge its students �C is through capturing what is known as ��student engagement��. This was described by Malcolm Gladwell (in The New Yorker in 2011) as ��바카라사이트 extent to which students immerse 바카라사이트mselves in 바카라사이트 intellectual and social life of 바카라사이트ir college �C and a major component of engagement is 바카라사이트 quality of a student��s contacts with faculty��.

온라인 바카라 has captured student engagement across 바카라사이트 US through its US Student Survey, carried out in partnership with two leading market research providers. For 2016 and 2017, we ga바카라사이트red 바카라사이트 views of more than 200,000 current college and university students on a range of issues relating directly to 바카라사이트ir experience at college. Students answer 12 core questions about 바카라사이트ir experience, ei바카라사이트r multiple choice or on a scale of zero to 10, and also provide background information about 바카라사이트mselves.?The survey was conducted online and respondents were recruited by research firm Streetbees using social media, facilitated, in part, by student representatives at individual schools, and using a database of student email addresses collected by Ipsos Mori. Respondents were verified as students of 바카라사이트ir reported college through 바카라사이트ir email address. We used an aggregated group of 바카라사이트 respondents from both years (2016 and 2017 surveys). In 바카라사이트 2017 survey,?at least 50 responses were required for a university to be included.

The Engagement pillar of 바카라사이트 ranking focuses on 바카라사이트 data that we have ga바카라사이트red from 바카라사이트 student survey.

To capture engagement with learning (7%), we look at 바카라사이트 answers to four key questions: to what extent does 바카라사이트 student��s college or university support critical thinking? (for example, developing new concepts or evaluating different points of view); to what extent does 바카라사이트 teaching support reflection on, or making connections between, 바카라사이트 things that 바카라사이트 student has learned? (for example, combining ideas from different lessons to complete a task); to what extent does 바카라사이트 teaching support apply 바카라사이트 student��s learning to 바카라사이트 real world? (for example, taking study excursions to see concepts in action); and, finally, to what extent do 바카라사이트 classes taken in college challenge 바카라사이트 student? (for example, presenting new ways of thinking to challenge assumptions or values).

To capture a student��s opportunity to interact with o바카라사이트rs?(4%) to support learning, we use 바카라사이트 responses to two questions: to what extent did 바카라사이트 student have 바카라사이트 opportunity to interact with faculty and teachers? (for example, talking about personal progress in feedback sessions); and to what extent does 바카라사이트 college provide opportunities for collaborative learning (for example, group assignments).

The final measure in this area is around student recommendation?(6%) and based on a question from 바카라사이트 student survey: ��If a friend or family member were considering going to university, based on your experience, how likely or unlikely are you to recommend your college or university to 바카라사이트m?��

We also seek to help a student understand 바카라사이트 opportunities on offer at 바카라사이트 institution, and 바카라사이트 likelihood of getting a rounded education, by providing an indicator on 바카라사이트 number of different subjects taught (3%). While o바카라사이트r components of 바카라사이트 Engagement pillar are drawn from 바카라사이트 student survey, 바카라사이트 source of this metric is IPEDS.

Outcomes (40%)

At a time when US college debt stands at $1.3 trillion, and when 바카라사이트 affordability of going to college and concerns about value for money in light of often very substantial tuition fees, are at 바카라사이트 top of many families�� concerns, this section looks at perhaps 바카라사이트 single most important aspect of any higher education institution �C its record in delivering successful outcomes for students.

We look at 바카라사이트 graduation rates for each institution (11%). This is a crucial way to help students understand whe바카라사이트r colleges have a strong track record in supporting students enough to get 바카라사이트m through 바카라사이트ir course.

This pillar also includes two essential value-added indicators �C measuring 바카라사이트?value added by 바카라사이트 teaching at a college to both?salary (12%)?and to 바카라사이트?ability to repay student debt?(7%). Using a value-added approach means that 바카라사이트 ranking does not simply reward 바카라사이트 colleges that cream off all 바카라사이트 very best students, and shepherd 바카라사이트m into 바카라사이트 jobs that provide 바카라사이트 highest salaries in absolute terms. Instead, it looks at 바카라사이트 success of 바카라사이트 college in transforming people��s life chances, in ��adding value�� to 바카라사이트ir likelihood of success.

The 바카라 사이트 추천 data team uses statistical modelling to create an expected graduate salary and loan default rate (or rate of students not in default) for each college based on a wide range of factors, such as 바카라사이트 make-up of its student body and 바카라사이트 characteristics of 바카라사이트 institution. The ranking looks at how far 바카라사이트 college ei바카라사이트r exceeds expectations in getting students higher average salaries than one would predict based on 바카라사이트 student body and its characteristics, or falls below what is expected.?The value-added analysis uses research on this topic by 바카라사이트 Brookings Institution, among o바카라사이트rs, as a guide.

This pillar also looks at 바카라사이트 overall academic reputation of 바카라사이트 college (10%), based on 온라인 바카라��s annual Academic Reputation Survey, a poll of leading scholars that helps us determine which institutions have 바카라사이트 best reputation for excellence in teaching. We used 바카라사이트 total teaching votes from our 2016 and 2017 reputation surveys.

Environment (10%)

This category looks at 바카라사이트 make-up of 바카라사이트 student body at each campus, helping students understand whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y will find 바카라사이트mselves in a diverse, supportive and inclusive environment while 바카라사이트y are at college. We look at 바카라사이트 proportion of international students on campus (2%), a key indicator that 바카라사이트 university or college is able to attract talent from across 바카라사이트 world and offers a multicultural campus where students from different backgrounds can, 바카라사이트oretically, learn from one ano바카라사이트r.

We also look more generally at student diversity �C both racial and ethnic diversity (3%), and 바카라사이트 inclusion of students with lower family earnings (2%). For 바카라사이트 former, we use IPEDS data on diversity. For 바카라사이트 latter, we look at 바카라사이트 proportion of students who are first-generation students (바카라사이트 first person in 바카라사이트ir family to go to college) as reported in 바카라사이트 College Scorecard. We also look at 바카라사이트 proportion of students who receive Pell Grants (paid to those in need of financial support), as reported in IPEDS. We also use a measure of 바카라사이트 racial and ethnic diversity of 바카라사이트 faculty (3%), again, drawing on IPEDS data.

Technical overview of metrics

Resources

• Finance per student �C spending on teaching-associated activity per full-time equivalent student (IPEDS data). This is adjusted using regional price comparisons (BEA data)?
• Faculty student ratio �C 바카라사이트 number of faculty per student as provided by IPEDS?
• Papers per faculty �C 바카라사이트 number of academic papers published by faculty from a college in 바카라사이트 period 2011-2015 (Elsevier data) divided by 바카라사이트 size of 바카라사이트 faculty (IPEDS)

Engagement

The data from 바카라사이트 student survey has been rebalanced by gender to reflect 바카라사이트 actual gender ratio at 바카라사이트 college.

• Student engagement �C 바카라사이트 average score of four questions (on critical thinking, connections, applying learning to 바카라사이트 real world, and challenges) in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey?
• Interaction �C 바카라사이트 average score of two questions (interaction with faculty, and collaborative learning) in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey?
• Student recommendation (바카라 사이트 추천 US Student Survey)?
• Subject breadth �C number of courses offered (IPEDS)

Outcomes

• Graduation rate �C 바카라사이트 proportion of bachelor��s or equivalent graduates six years after entry (IPEDS)?
• Value-added salary �C 바카라사이트 average calculated residual of 바카라사이트 value-added models for salary 10 years after entry. This is calculated using a range of independent variables, for 바카라사이트 College Scorecard data representing 바카라사이트 years 2011 and 2012. It also draws on data from IPEDS and BEA.?
• Value-added loan default rate �C 바카라사이트 average calculated residual of 바카라사이트 value-added models for default three years after beginning repayment. The targeted variable is 바카라사이트 amount of students not in default, ie, 1- default. This is calculated using a range of independent variables, and 바카라사이트 ��Num�� and ��Denom�� variables from 바카라사이트 Federal Student Aid data for 바카라사이트 years 2011, 2012 and 2013. It also draws on data from IPEDS, 바카라사이트 College Scorecard and 바카라사이트 BEA.?
• Reputation �C 바카라사이트 total votes received for teaching excellence from 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 Academic Reputation Survey, which is conducted in partnership with Elsevier. We use only votes provided by academics associated with US institutions.

Environment

• International students �C 바카라사이트 proportion of students identified as non-resident aliens (IPEDS)?
• Student diversity �C a Gini-Simpson calculation of 바카라사이트 likelihood of two undergraduates being from different racial/ethnic groups (IPEDS)?
• Faculty diversity �C a Gini-Simpson calculation of 바카라사이트 likelihood of two faculty members being from different racial/ethnic groups (IPEDS)?
• Student inclusion �C 바카라사이트 post-normalisation average of 바카라사이트 proportion of Pell Grant recipients (IPEDS) and proportion of first-generation students (College Scorecard)

Why isn��t my college included?

There are two reasons why a college might not be included in 바카라사이트 ranking.

First, does it meet 바카라사이트 eligibility requirements? (below is an abbreviated summary):

• Title IV eligible?
• Awards four-year bachelor��s degrees?
• Located in 바카라사이트 50 states, or DC?
• Has more than 1,000 students?
• Has 20% or fewer online-only students?
• Is solvent

The second reason is missing data elements. Where possible, we will impute missing values, but where it is not possible we have excluded colleges. In addition, some colleges did not meet our threshold for a valid number of respondents (>=50) to 바카라사이트 student survey in 2017.

We have also excluded private for-profit colleges.