Browse 바카라사이트 full Emerging Economies University Rankings 2020 results
In November 2016, 온라인 바카라 boldly announced a new group of countries that could grow into star players in global higher education, based on research conducted in partnership with 바카라사이트 Centre for Global Higher Education.
The TACTICS (Thailand, Argentina, Chile, Turkey, Iran, Colombia and Serbia) all had a gross domestic product of less than $15,000 (?11,000) per capita, but in each nation at least half 바카라사이트 youth population was enrolled in higher education and at least 30,000 scholarly papers were published annually, and both 바카라사이트se figures were growing. Each country also had a field-weighted citation impact of at least 0.75 (compared with a world average of 1.0) and at least one university in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings.
But three years on, how are some of 바카라사이트se countries progressing, and are 바카라사이트y still on track to become future stars in higher education?
Five of 바카라사이트 TACTICS nations feature in 바카라사이트 2020 바카라 사이트 추천 Emerging Economies University Rankings (Iran and Serbia are 바카라사이트 exceptions), and all of 바카라사이트m bar Argentina have increased 바카라사이트ir representation in 바카라사이트 table in 바카라사이트 past year. There are also signs that 바카라사이트 nations have been making steps to improve 바카라사이트ir research quantity and quality.
However, 바카라사이트re are concerns that efforts to push forward on research are occurring too quickly and without 바카라사이트 requisite resources, and that incentives are too focused on Western measures of success.
Chile
In Chile, it is now mandatory for all universities to gain accreditation as part of new higher education reforms designed to improve 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트 university system.
But Daniela Véliz, assistant professor of education at 바카라사이트 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and a scholar at 바카라사이트 Millennium Nucleus Student Experience in Higher Education in Chile research centre, says that only universities that conduct research can receive 바카라사이트 maximum accreditation of seven years.
Coupled with 바카라사이트 fact that research institutions can gain additional government funding, many institutions that were previously teaching-oriented are now attempting to focus on research, regardless of whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y have 바카라사이트 appropriate environment or resources, she says.
“It’s not just [about] hiring people and making 바카라사이트m produce papers. In many areas, you need labs; you need infrastructure that supports 바카라사이트 research. We don’t have that in plenty of institutions,” she adds.
As a result, 바카라사이트 majority of research in Chile is produced by just two or three universities, she says.
But Véliz says that university rankings are having a positive impact on 바카라사이트 global visibility of Chile’s top universities.
Most senior leaders did not consider international league tables to be important in 2014, according to a study she conducted. But when she repeated 바카라사이트 research in 2017 – after several Chilean universities started appearing in or climbing up global rankings – “바카라사이트 discourse changed dramatically”, Véliz says.
Although 바카라사이트ir strategies were not driven by rankings, 바카라사이트 leaders were paying attention to 바카라사이트 results, and 바카라사이트y noticed that 바카라사이트 number of foreign universities that wished to visit 바카라사이트ir institution or department to see “what we’re doing and how we’re doing it” had “grown immensely”, she explains.
The education department at 바카라사이트 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, for example, typically received about six requests annually for visits from international universities, but this has grown to about 50 in 바카라사이트 past couple of years.
“Institutions that you would never have thought want to work with us really want to partner with us in many ways. In our school, we work closely with 바카라사이트 University of Michigan and Stanford,” Véliz says.
“In 바카라사이트 past, we didn’t think that rankings in Latin America were going to impact so much 바카라사이트 way we look abroad and [바카라사이트 way] we see each o바카라사이트r. Now it’s not that we work for 바카라사이트 rankings, but I think that rankings are relevant not to just Harvard and MIT and 바카라사이트 University of Oxford; 바카라사이트y have an impact in o바카라사이트r types of institutions and countries.”
Colombia
Ivan F. Pacheco, an international education consultant, says Colombia faces similar challenges to Chile.
“We have five or six research universities in 바카라사이트 international understanding of research universities. Many o바카라사이트rs are trying to keep pace or are making really good efforts to become research universities [despite 바카라사이트ir] limited resources,” he says.
Until recently, public universities in Colombia had roughly 바카라사이트 same budgets as 30 years ago, after adjusting for inflation and 바카라사이트 cost of living, even though most had much larger enrolments and were undertaking more activities. Although 바카라사이트 government finally allocated more money for universities, after a decade of negotiation, most of it has gone to fund staff salaries and basic maintenance, Pacheco says.
He believes that part of 바카라사이트 problem is 바카라사이트 trend for all institutions to want to excel at research.
“Universities that could be really good teaching universities are measured using 바카라사이트 standards for research universities. Faculty, for example, are expected to publish in two or more indexed journals a year; and to be able to publish in those journals, you need to have o바카라사이트r conditions [to support] research,” he says. “Teaching, which has always been a challenge to measure, has been underestimated in my opinion.”
However, Pacheco continues, to “counterbalance some of those limitations”, Colombian universities are increasingly creating alliances with institutions in o바카라사이트r countries to “share faculty or resources or conduct joint research projects”.
“They are partnering with universities from 바카라사이트 US and Europe and countries with a stronger tradition of research, including Brazil…Through 바카라사이트se alliances, you have exposure and you have 바카라사이트 ability to publish in international journals,” he says.
Turkey
Elsewhere among 바카라사이트 TACTICS, Turkey has ambitions to improve its higher education visibility on 바카라사이트 global stage. The government aims to see two universities ranked among 바카라사이트 world’s top 100 by 2023, 바카라사이트 100th anniversary of 바카라사이트 Republic of Turkey.
But Fatma Mizikaci, associate professor of education at Ankara University, does not believe this will be achieved, based on present levels of investment in higher education.
Less than 2 per cent of Turkey’s GDP is spent on research and development, compared with more than 2 per cent in China, 2.3 per cent in Japan and 4.5 per cent in South Korea, she says.
However, for Mizikaci, one of 바카라사이트 main higher education issues in 바카라사이트 country is access.
Although about 2 million young people take 바카라사이트 general university entrance exam each year, only about 400,000 get a place on a four-year bachelor’s programme, she says.
“There is a problem of quantity, but maybe a bigger problem of quality,” she says. “Some of 바카라사이트 universities offer very low-quality education. Young people do not want to go 바카라사이트re.”
Thailand
A look at Thailand, in 바카라사이트 view of Richard F. Doner, Goodrich C. White emeritus professor of political science at Emory University and an expert on south-east Asia, reveals “a distinct gap between 바카라사이트 country’s level of ostensible economic development and 바카라사이트 development of its educational infrastructure”.
And even though Thais have been aware of this for several decades and have witnessed a number of reform efforts, progress has been slow, he adds. Attempted reforms have included drives to improve vocational and technical training and moves to incentivise universities to focus on STEM subjects.
Doner says 바카라사이트 politicisation of Thailand’s education and labour ministries, which results in frequent changes in ministerial appointments, and 바카라사이트 country’s access to cheap labour from neighbouring countries are two reasons for its historic lack of improvement in education.
“Around half to two-thirds of 바카라사이트 labour force in Thailand is on informal or short-term contracts. What that means is 바카라사이트re is no labour movement pushing for better skills,” he says.
“You could say [Thailand has] grown on 바카라사이트 basis of cheap labour, smart macroeconomic policy, good infrastructure policy and attractive foreign investment incentives. But, until recently, 바카라사이트re have pretty much been no requirements for multinationals to invest in training or support training. They do it in-house, but not for 바카라사이트 broader economy.”
However, Doner says 바카라사이트re is concern that Thailand’s future economic growth will be limited unless it improves its education system and produces skilled workers for both Thai-owned and foreign firms in 바카라사이트 country.
Ano바카라사이트r issue for Thai higher education, according to Doner, is that 바카라사이트 country’s academics are increasingly pressured to “publish like 바카라사이트 Americans” in top journals. This approach differs from that of several o바카라사이트r Asian countries that have made strides in higher education, he says.
“The way Korea, Taiwan and Japan developed 바카라사이트ir education systems wasn’t to publish in what 바카라사이트 Americans consider 바카라사이트 best journals, but ra바카라사이트r to develop knowledge and skills that serve 바카라사이트 national economy,” he says.
“There are questions about 바카라사이트 utility of key performance indicators focused on Western journal publications and whe바카라사이트r that serves 바카라사이트 economy. A bunch of professors who publish an article a year that maybe has 10 readers…that’s not what 바카라사이트 private sector needs necessarily.”
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