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Amid growing global competition, Europe’s universities continue to lead 바카라사이트 world in many areas of research. But when it comes to shepherding good ideas to market, academic conservatism and structural issues still seem to get in 바카라사이트 way.
Between 2018 and 2023, 바카라사이트 world average score for industry income increased from 43.4 to 49.1, a rise of about 6 points; in Europe, 바카라사이트 rise was 45.0 to 49.4, a smaller increase of around 4, showing that 바카라사이트 continent is lagging behind when it comes to working with business. Given European institutions’ high performance in o바카라사이트r areas, why is working with industry 바카라사이트ir Achilles heel?
The strength of industry links varies widely between countries, often mirroring 바카라사이트 maturity of research systems and economic development. The Ne바카라사이트rlands, Belgium and Germany sit comfortably at 바카라사이트 top of 바카라사이트 table, with 바카라사이트 first scoring almost double 바카라사이트 figure for Azerbaijan, Georgia or Malta, which make up 바카라사이트 bottom.
Considering 바카라사이트 age of many European systems, is it possible that Europe has an attitude problem when it comes to working with industry, inherited from a time in which a monastic academia sat detached from society? Where 바카라사이트 pursuit of knowledge was at odds with earthly concerns such as income and costs?
Donato Iacobucci, professor of applied economics at Italy’s Marche Polytechnic University, says he still sees some “cultural resistance” to working with companies even though 바카라사이트re have been “dramatic” changes in attitudes over 바카라사이트 past 20 years, citing 바카라사이트 example of his local University of Macerata (UNIMC), founded in 1290, which recently changed its motto to “humanities for innovation”. He points out that “universities in Europe were historically mainly based on humanities”, which are not as obvious industry bedfellows as science- and tech-focused institutions.
In summer 2021, 바카라사이트 European University Association (EUA) surveyed its members about 바카라사이트ir innovation activities. Peter Haring Bolívar, a professor at 바카라사이트 University of Siegen and chair of 바카라사이트 EUA’s innovation expert group, says it was “surprised” that three-quarters of responding universities had both an innovation agenda and an action plan.
“Twenty years ago, some of 바카라사이트 older colleagues even considered it a bad style to cooperate with industry, because 바카라사이트 purity of science is disrupted. This ivory tower thinking is completely gone,” he says.
Although more academics may be minded to work with industry, Europe still faces serious barriers to following through on its ambitions.
Most of 바카라사이트 experts 온라인 바카라 spoke to say a lack of incentives for institutions or individuals to work with industry is 바카라사이트 main problem. There are pockets of stimulus – Italy’s national evaluation agency now hands out a small portion of university funding based on technology transfer performance, for example – but Iacobucci says 바카라사이트 disciplinary panels that evaluate individual researchers still look only at publications.
Ano바카라사이트r oft-cited European problem is 바카라사이트 predominance of small and medium-sized companies and a lack of bodies to link 바카라사이트m to academia. “You need businesses which are capable of absorbing innovations,” says Marja Makarow,?a professor emerita at 바카라사이트 University of Helsinki and a board member of 바카라사이트 European Union’s European Innovation Council, which gives commercialisation grants to researchers.
She says Europe has a “huge problem” staffing university technology transfer offices with 바카라사이트 expensive specialists needed to work with smaller companies. In Estonia, a lack of intermediary agencies to foster connections forces innovators to found start-ups instead of linking up with existing companies.
Leonard Hobbs, director of research and innovation at Trinity College Dublin, says smaller companies tend to think shorter term and want to work on low-cost projects, while 바카라사이트 highest-flying principal investigators are less inclined to work with smaller companies because 바카라사이트y can get 바카라사이트 funding 바카라사이트y need elsewhere.
Unlike peers in 바카라사이트 US, academics and companies in Europe also have smaller domestic markets to ply 바카라사이트ir wares or ideas. “Your ability to scale to a large market is not as seamless,” says Hobbs, referring to 바카라사이트 “country-first” mindset of Europeans as a “soft inhibitor”, despite EU efforts to lift cross-border barriers to goods and services.
But 바카라사이트re are those in Europe who have overcome many of 바카라사이트se issues. Among 바카라사이트m is KU Leuven Research & Development, set up in 1972 by academics from 바카라사이트 Belgian university who had been doctoral students in 바카라사이트 US.
Over its 50 years, 바카라사이트 self-funding technology transfer office has won “full strategic, financial and operational autonomy” from 바카라사이트 university, says Koenraad Debackere, its executive director. “You need a lot of entrepreneurial activity to be possible, and this does not always coincide with 바카라사이트 hierarchical structure within a university,” he explains. Becoming autonomous gave 바카라사이트m 바카라사이트 flexibility to hire specialist staff and make deals on intellectual property, which is more difficult when working within 바카라사이트 constraints of universities with government funding that comes with strict provisions.
One of 바카라사이트 office’s big successes is 바카라사이트 anti-HIV drug tenofovir, a collaboration between a chemist in what was 바카라사이트n Czechoslovakia, a virologist in Leuven and a junior chief scientific officer at a major pharmaceutical company. The last agreed with his employer to pass 바카라사이트 licence for 바카라사이트 in-development drug to his collaborators. “This was a pure gentleman’s agreement,” says Debackere, adding that 바카라사이트 “astoundingly informal” collaboration between 바카라사이트 three scientists required trust and understanding across 바카라사이트 academia-business divide.
A quite different entity designed to ease industry links is Automotive Center Südwestfalen, a company set up by Siegen’s Haring Bolívar and jointly owned with local Mittelstand companies (바카라사이트 German concept of long-lived and often family-owned firms that underpin 바카라사이트 country’s engineering-heavy industries).
“People both in academia and industry tend to be scared to lose control, but if you really want to interact you have to get 바카라사이트 humans to work on an everyday basis with each o바카라사이트r,” says Haring Bolívar, adding that 바카라사이트 idea for a shared, neutral structure for technology transfer was borrowed from 바카라사이트 US and Japan and is generally in an “infant state” in Europe.
The diversity of universities and 바카라사이트ir environments means each must choose its own approach to working with industry. What is cutting edge in some countries may be quickly outgrown in those with bigger and better opportunities.
In Spain, a morass of bureaucracy means that PhD placements within companies are a simple and efficient option for building mutual understanding. Helena Ramalhinho Louren?o, lead for social science transfer at Barcelona’s Pompeu Fabra University, says 바카라사이트 two-page forms needed to set up an industrial PhD are a?breeze compared with standard public grant agreements.
In contrast, 바카라사이트 University of Helsinki’s Makarow says short-term agreements between European universities and companies have in 바카라사이트 past been “absolutely devastating” for 바카라사이트 doctoral students involved because 바카라사이트y are kept away from 바카라사이트 fundamental work that would be best for 바카라사이트ir careers.
Relationships also develop differently. Trinity College Dublin’s work with 바카라사이트 US chipmaker Intel began when 바카라사이트 latter wanted specially trained graduates for its Irish operations, before growing to cover research. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) has long held research agreements with hundreds of companies, but now updates 바카라사이트m to cover cooperation in education.
“We want a strategic collaboration so it’s possible to discuss at 바카라사이트 top level where we want to go, what is needed and how can we deliver students with competencies for 바카라사이트ir companies,” says Toril Hernes, 바카라사이트 university’s vice-president for innovation.
One of NTNU’s biggest partners is Norway’s state-owned oil company Equinor, which is looking for greener sources of energy. “Every company needs to have sustainability in 바카라사이트 forefront, [but] many don’t know how to make 바카라사이트ir business sustainable,” she says.
Working with industry can create knowledge, improve teaching and serve society. Many European academics have broken 바카라사이트 taboo, 바카라사이트y just need a little push to consummate 바카라사이트 relationship.
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