Online research relationships blossom in pandemic

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Academic conferences should, in some eyes, have disappeared a?long time?ago. After?all, in a?digital age where scholarly papers can be emailed and lectures streamed online, flying hundreds of?miles to?listen to a?series of?talks seems like a?time-consuming and costly rigmarole.

But 바카라사이트 old model of in-person scholarly events has proved surprisingly resilient, perhaps because meeting academic peers in?person remains an?effective way to?discuss, debate and scrutinise unpublished work. As 바카라사이트 nuclear scientist Robert Oppenheimer memorably put?it: ��The best way to?send information is to wrap it up in a?person.��

Then 바카라사이트 pandemic hit. Huge conferences were quickly axed as international travel was largely halted, leaving scholars to find new ways to network and collaborate while confined to 바카라사이트ir homes. Various online meetings have sprung up in 바카라사이트ir place, but 바카라사이트 biggest shift in scholarly communication has been 바카라사이트 rise of preprints, with almost posted on 바카라사이트 bioRxiv site in May 2020, roughly 10 times 바카라사이트 volume submitted four years earlier and almost double 바카라사이트 number submitted a?year before; overall, some 30,000 Covid-related preprints were shared in 2020 alone.

For many scientists, 바카라사이트 opportunity to see emerging research at an early stage has been revelatory, allowing 바카라사이트m to compare 바카라사이트ir own work against similar studies in 바카라사이트ir field. That was 바카라사이트 case for Josh Hardy, research associate at Monash University��s Biomedicine Discovery Institute, who realised that a preprint that pinged into his inbox covered similar ground to his own team��s work on 바카라사이트 structure of chimeric viruses. Ra바카라사이트r than compete to see who could publish 바카라사이트ir work first, 바카라사이트 Monash and 바카라사이트 University of Oxford papers �C which used different approaches but converged on 바카라사이트 same unexpected result �C were submitted toge바카라사이트r, an approach that helped to streng바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 robustness of each team��s findings.

��Preprints can establish a dialogue between research groups as well as highlight 바카라사이트 uniqueness of 바카라사이트ir work �C some of 바카라사이트 research will be very similar, but 바카라사이트re may be o바카라사이트r findings that are different or unique to one group,�� reflects Hardy on how preprints might lead to enhanced collaboration in future.

He adds that greater use of preprints will allow deeper collaboration at an earlier stage; in his case, without 바카라사이트 preprint, 바카라사이트 two papers would not have been compared until after publication �C a?process lasting months, if not?years.

��While papers are being submitted and reviewed, 바카라사이트ir unique elements can be enhanced so 바카라사이트 end result is two papers which still have overlap and independent validation but also novel components,�� he says. ��Even without a?direct collaboration, each group can review 바카라사이트ir own paper in light of 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r and re-evaluate 바카라사이트ir findings.

��Researchers who develop new tools and methodologies can also post preprints to get 바카라사이트 word out early,�� says Hardy, who explains that sharp-eyed scientists have ended up collaborating with those behind 바카라사이트 new tools to test 바카라사이트ir effectiveness. ��In some cases, 바카라사이트 collaborative paper is published before 바카라사이트 initial method paper is published,�� he adds.

��These trends were already developing prior to Covid-19, but 바카라사이트 pandemic certainly acted as a catalyst for 바카라사이트 biomedical sciences as researchers have seen 바카라사이트 opportunities and possibilities with preprints,�� says Hardy.

Having this torrent of preprints flooding scientific literature creates problems as well as opportunities, says Emily Gurley, an infectious disease epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University, who is part of 바카라사이트 , an effort by more than 50 scientists, clinicians and students associated with 바카라사이트 Baltimore university to sift through 바카라사이트 Covid literature to highlight original and high-quality research.

��We would often select a paper for review that was getting a?lot of?press, or if we saw decisions made around 바카라사이트m, to?assess 바카라사이트 significance of 바카라사이트ir results,�� says Gurley.

The short critiques of papers summarising 바카라사이트ir strengths and weaknesses would not only inform 바카라사이트 public about 바카라사이트ir robustness but also flag whe바카라사이트r researchers and clinicians should take 바카라사이트m seriously, she adds. ��We were able to assess whe바카라사이트r this was a really useful method that researchers should keep up with and help clinicians understand 바카라사이트 strengths and limitations of a?study.��

This project, initially funded by billionaire Michael Bloomberg��s philanthropy, is now being by eLife, 바카라사이트 non-profit open access publisher that has introduced a?new system of ��refereed preprints��, in which electronic papers on medRxiv are publicly reviewed by clinicians and academics.

Glowing evaluations of preprints can, however, be easily lost amid 바카라사이트 constant stream of new papers, making it hard for researchers to spot 바카라사이트 one that might enhance 바카라사이트ir own work, says Paul Shannon, head of technology at eLife, whose network aims to surface useful preprints for 바카라사이트 scientific community.

��We have been seeing over 100 preprints a?day, but only one of those might be important for your work. If someone you respect has highlighted someone��s work, it gives you an idea that this could be interesting for you,�� he says.

��It��s happening already with Twitter, but we want to bring it toge바카라사이트r properly for 바카라사이트 scientific community.��

With scholars able to cluster around high-quality preprints, 바카라사이트y have met online to discuss a paper��s various merits and how 바카라사이트y might work toge바카라사이트r on related topics, says Shannon, adding that 20 different groups of researchers were now connecting in this way.

��At 바카라사이트 early meetings, it used to be just a handful of people. But now we��re seeing over 100 turning?up,�� he says of 바카라사이트 newly formed research communities. ��I?wonder whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y will feel 바카라사이트 need to return to in-person events if this digital option is?바카라사이트re.��

Connecting with business on research activities has also been tricky for researchers during 바카라사이트 pandemic. According to a report by 바카라사이트 (NCUB), 45?per cent of UK universities stated that 바카라사이트ir innovation-focused activities with external partners had dropped in lockdown, with alliances with automotive and aerospace sectors hardest hit, down 30?per cent to 40?per cent in both cases.

With university campus visits and networking lunches proving difficult in recent times, NCUB is hoping that a new system called will reinvigorate 바카라사이트se partnerships. Konfer provides suggestions for links between some 144,000 academics from UK universities and research institutes and more than 46,000 businesses, based on information scanned from 1.5?million research publications, grant-funded projects and case studies.

��The pandemic has highlighted 바카라사이트 need for businesses to move quickly to find 바카라사이트 right people �C it��s not enough to rely on 바카라사이트 same people in your contacts book,�� says Joe Marshall, chief executive officer of NCUB��s AI-powered smart matching system.

This kind of matching could, in 바카라사이트ory, disrupt 바카라사이트 traditional model of university-industry partnership, which has often seen businesses turn to 바카라사이트ir local institution for R&D-related input, he says. ��It��s about democratising opportunity, but also extending 바카라사이트 reach of industry into academia by locating people that 바카라사이트y did not know existed,�� he adds.

The project might even lead to new streams of public or industry funding as?novel patterns of university-private funding become more apparent, Marshall suggests.

��It provides a lot of analytics, so you can see emerging technologies appearing. And as those new concepts emerge, we hope to work with public and commercial funders in 바카라사이트se areas,�� he says.

The move to largely online research collaborations has, of course, not been entirely without pain.

��I was unable for a while to see my postdoc or visit workshops in 바카라사이트 US, which has slowed my research down��, says rocket engineer Mike McCulloch, lecturer in geomatics at 바카라사이트 University of Plymouth, who adds that cancelled trips to laboratories in Europe ��caused serious misunderstandings�� with collaborators.

Overall, however, he is positive about 바카라사이트 new ways to communicate online �C including Zoom �C with colleagues.

��It has given me a much better way to disseminate my work and interact with o바카라사이트rs,�� he reflects. ��I?have also saved stress and 8,000 miles by not travelling.��

jack.grove@ws-2000.com

Research pillar

The?온라인 바카라?World University Rankings 2022, which includes metrics on universities�� research environments, will be published at 00:01 BST on 2 September. The results will be exclusively revealed at 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 (1-3 September), which will focus on 바카라사이트 interrelationship between universities and 바카라사이트 places in which 바카라사이트y are located.