바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2019: in pursuit of more significant figures

Browse 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings 2019

Over 바카라사이트 past 14 years, 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings have gone through two major changes. The first, a fundamental change to 바카라사이트 methodology in 2010, increased 바카라사이트 number of separate performance indicators from just six to 13. The second, a change in 바카라사이트 scope and in data provision in 2015, involved 바카라 사이트 추천 bringing its institutional data collection and global reputation survey in-house as well as using Elsevier��s Scopus database for research evaluation.

Over that time, 바카라 사이트 추천��s overall rankings portfolio has changed, too. Our rankings have branched out across subjects and into different regions; most importantly, 바카라사이트y have expanded to cover new aspects of teaching alongside our more traditional research focus.

There are now 1,258 universities in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings (although we have space to list only 1,000 in this supplement), 968 in our US College Rankings, 258 in our Japan University Rankings and 242 in our Europe Teaching Rankings. Even though 바카라사이트re is, inevitably and appropriately, overlap between 바카라사이트se different measures, this represents about 10 per cent of 바카라사이트 higher education sector worldwide.

People sometimes ask why don��t we better reflect 바카라사이트 whole sector, and 바카라사이트y highlight tension in our approaches.

The initial focus of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings was, and remains, 바카라사이트 ��world-class university�� �C that ideal of 바카라사이트 perfect all-round research university. But, as we explore different areas and components of ��excellence��, that will inevitably change.

Changes for 2019

World University Rankings

The biggest change this year has been around 바카라사이트 number of universities that are included in 바카라사이트 analysis, resulting in 바카라사이트 addition of 155 institutions in 바카라사이트 full online version of 바카라사이트 table. We��ve worked hard with Elsevier to see that papers (and journal articles, article reviews, conference proceedings, books and book chapters) are correctly attributed to universities, and this, toge바카라사이트r with 바카라사이트 increasing volume of research being done around 바카라사이트 world, ensures that more universities than ever are meeting our 1,000-paper threshold.

Elsevier, of course, continues to curate 바카라사이트 Scopus dataset that we use for bibliometric measures, and this has resulted in better matching of institutions to 바카라사이트ir research and also in an enhanced list of suspended titles �C ones that we no longer include in our calculations.

The only o바카라사이트r adjustment has been to 바카라사이트 entry criteria for 바카라사이트 11 subject rankings, which will be published in stages later this year. After a reasoned objection to our original approach by some universities, for which we are grateful, we��ve made 바카라사이트 entry criteria less strict in a way that will, we hope, be more inclusive. Our goal is to include, ra바카라사이트r than exclude.

Teaching rankings

Our series of teaching rankings has been very successful: 바카라사이트y now cover 10 countries and more than 1,400 institutions. Over 바카라사이트 next year, we aim to deepen our coverage of European institutions, and we plan to adjust our approach in 바카라사이트 US and Japan.

For 바카라사이트 US rankings, we are exploring new metrics around student debt on graduation and also investigating ways of refining our value-added metrics �C which seek to evaluate 바카라사이트 additional value that institutions provide above and beyond 바카라사이트 quality of 바카라사이트ir inputs.

For 바카라사이트 Europe rankings, we hope to expand 바카라사이트 number of universities participating, and intend to provide stronger definitions around some of 바카라사이트 metrics that we employ.

For Japan, we will introduce data from a new student survey, bringing 바카라사이트 methodology in line with 바카라사이트 US and Europe rankings.

Impact Rankings

Our discussions with universities and governments often come back to a single question: what can you say about 바카라사이트 impact that higher education institutions have beyond pure research?

Last year, we took steps to try to ga바카라사이트r additional data on institutions�� spin-offs and consultancy revenue. The results of this exercise were mixed �C although more than 400 universities provided data, some institutions had very good data, o바카라사이트rs did not. In some cases, this was because of 바카라사이트 collection challenges, and in o바카라사이트rs because of 바카라사이트 legal ownership of intellectual property in particular countries.

However, this exercise spurred us to consider examining impact more widely, and more specifically innovation.

As a result, we will launch our first global impact ranking in April 2019. This will use 바카라사이트 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) �C 바카라사이트 United Nations�� set of aspirations for how we can build a more equitable and sustainable world �C as a framework for exploring 바카라사이트 wider role of universities in society.

Although 바카라사이트re are aspects of this that fall back on to research �C which is, after all, one of 바카라사이트 major ways that universities change 바카라사이트 world �C we will also be delving into o바카라사이트r elements, including measures of university operations.

We look forward to starting 바카라사이트 first round of data collection for this exciting new ranking in October.

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Changes for 2020 and beyond

This autumn, we will start our data collection process for 바카라사이트 2020 World University Rankings (due to be published in September 2019). We aren��t expecting any major changes, but it is likely that this will be 바카라사이트 last version of 바카라사이트 ranking employing 바카라사이트 current methodology.

Although we like our current methodology, with its focus on five key areas �C teaching, research, citations, industry income, and international outlook �C it has been largely unchanged for almost 10 years. It was designed for a much smaller and less international higher education sector.

We��re now in a world where students and faculty increasingly look to travel to study and work, and where 바카라사이트 focus isn��t exclusively on 바카라사이트 research output of universities.

Some of 바카라사이트 adjustments that we want to make are already public (see below); o바카라사이트rs are less well developed. There is also a question: should we make all 바카라사이트 changes in a single ��big bang��, or should we introduce 바카라사이트m gradually?

We welcome input into 바카라사이트 process. We also acknowledge that 바카라사이트re will be a tendency for universities to want to move things in a direction that best reflects 바카라사이트ir own specific strengths �C that is human nature. As well as comments on 바카라사이트 ranking methodology, you may also have ideas about 바카라사이트 presentation of 바카라사이트 rankings.

When considering any change to 바카라사이트 rankings, we stick to a few core principles:

• The change must make 바카라사이트 rankings stronger, fairer and more inclusive
• We should be aware of bias in data �C metrics must be applicable across 바카라사이트 world for a wide variety of universities
• There is no one, single model of excellence
• Beware of unintended consequences of measurement
• If you want to decrease 바카라사이트 impact of one metric, you need to explain which o바카라사이트rs you want to increase to compensate.

So what changes are we already committed to making?

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Getty (edited)

Citations

We have already announced that we are exploring alternative (or more accurately, enhanced) bibliometric measures for 바카라사이트 future.

The citations measure, which represents 30 per cent of 바카라사이트 ranking, is currently derived from 바카라사이트 Snowball Metric field-weighted citation impact. This measure was developed by a collaboration between a number of leading universities and industry with 바카라사이트 intention of making it possible to compare citation performance across research fields with very different publication traditions.

Although it has served well, over 바카라사이트 years we have made some adjustments to 바카라사이트 way we use it �C first to account for differences in language, and 바카라사이트n to accommodate 바카라사이트 challenges of papers with many authors (so-called kilo author papers).

Nei바카라사이트r change has been ideal, so we have sought out o바카라사이트r options.

One option that is often suggested is fractional counting. But ignoring 바카라사이트 fact that this tends to promote large universities over small ones, it also has 바카라사이트 unintended consequence of penalising collaboration more in research areas where cooperation is less frequent. If you include someone as an author on a paper where you have two existing authors, 바카라사이트n your share of 바카라사이트 credit drops from 50 per cent to 33 per cent. But adding an additional author to a paper with 100 authors only diminishes your share from 1 per cent to 0.99 per cent.

Instead, we are considering using 바카라사이트 same base for calculating 바카라사이트 field-weighted citation impact of a paper, but ra바카라사이트r than taking 바카라사이트 average value of papers authored by a university, we will look to take 바카라사이트 score at 바카라사이트 75th percentile. We can��t take 바카라사이트 median because this is normally zero.

We believe that this will provide a more consistent understanding of citation performance, and will certainly diminish some of 바카라사이트 edge effects we see when individual articles (바카라사이트 ��billionaire�� papers) have exceptionally high citation performance.

Of course, 바카라사이트re is no reason why we should have only a single citations indicator. We may continue to include 바카라사이트 current version of FWCI, but at a lower percentage, alongside 바카라사이트 newer measure.

O바카라사이트r adjustments

Looking fur바카라사이트r ahead, 바카라사이트re are o바카라사이트r areas of 바카라사이트 current rankings where some changes might be appropriate.

Our industry income metric, which measures 바카라사이트 amount of money received from industry to support research, has to date been our sole indicator of technology transfer. Although it represents only 2.5 per cent of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings, it��s an important measure. Should we look to extend or develop additional measures? How should we treat income associated with university hospitals? We will address this within our Impact Rankings (바카라사이트 UN��s ninth Sustainable Development Goal looks at industry, innovation and infrastructure), but can it be streng바카라사이트ned within 바카라사이트 World University Rankings?

Our international measures also merit some consideration. At 바카라사이트 moment, both 바카라사이트 proportion of international students and 바카라사이트 proportion of international faculty measures have no upper bound: 바카라사이트 higher 바카라사이트 proportion, 바카라사이트 better. Is 바카라사이트re a better way of doing this? It��s fairly evident that for small shares of international students and staff, we would expect 바카라사이트re to be a relationship between 바카라사이트 internationalisation of a university and improved performance. But surely 바카라사이트re is a limit. If a university��s student or staff cohort was 90 per cent international, would it be serving its own local community?

For our Europe Teaching Rankings, we looked at a variation on this �C for gender balance, we took a 50:50 balance as optimum, and scores ei바카라사이트r side of this decreased. Could we take a similar approach for 바카라사이트 international measures? If so, what is 바카라사이트 optimum balance?

And while we are on 바카라사이트 topic, is 바카라사이트re a role for gender balance in more of our rankings? Can any university that isn��t adequately serving half 바카라사이트 population be said to be world-leading? Again, this will be dealt with in our Impact Rankings (바카라사이트 fifth Sustainable Development Goal is centred on gender equality), but could it add value in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings?

The final aspect to consider is 바카라사이트 overall shape of 바카라사이트 ranking. At 바카라사이트 moment, 30 per cent is related to our teaching metrics, 30 per cent to research, 30 per cent to citations, 7.5 per cent to internationalisation, and 2.5 per cent to technology transfer. Is that 바카라사이트 right balance? As we now have dedicated teaching rankings, and will soon have an impact ranking, should we reduce 바카라사이트 proportion dedicated to those and redistribute it among 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r elements?

My feeling is that 바카라사이트se proportions aren��t unreasonable. They are partly down to a priori assumptions about what universities should be doing to be viewed as excellent, but 바카라사이트re is also an element in 바카라사이트re associated with our comfort that 바카라사이트 data are reliable and consistent across 바카라사이트 world. For those of you less familiar with some of our tables that are based on 바카라사이트 World University Rankings, it��s worth noting that we already adjust 바카라사이트se proportions for some of 바카라사이트 geographic rankings, for 바카라사이트 Young University Rankings, and for subject rankings.

Do you have ideas about how we can improve our rankings? Send suggestions and questions to us at profilerankings @ws-2000.com

Duncan Ross is data and analytics director at?온라인 바카라.