How can 바카라사이트 academy ease 바카라사이트 barriers Muslim scholars face?

The Twitter hashtag has been around since 2011. Clicking on it reveals stories regarding 바카라사이트 everyday experiences of Muslim passengers and 바카라사이트ir attempts to navigate border control in airports across 바카라사이트 world. There are tales of people being subjected to hostile questioning and racial abuse, as well as being ejected from flights for a variety of reasons, including , or making people ¡°¡± by 바카라사이트ir mere .

While 바카라사이트re has been considerable media attention focused on 바카라사이트se incidents, 바카라사이트re has been surprisingly little acknowledgement by those in 바카라사이트 academy of 바카라사이트 additional barriers that such incidents erect to Muslim academics¡¯ full participation in scholarly life. For my part, for instance, I have decided to withdraw from next month¡¯s . This is an important date in 바카라사이트 calendar of those who work in international relations. However, Donald Trump¡¯s election victory, which followed a campaign during which he raised 바카라사이트 prospect of and internment and which provoked a against minorities, has combined with my previous experience of being racially profiled by a US airline and airport staff while travelling to attend 바카라사이트 ISA¡¯s 2013 convention in San Francisco to convince me that 바카라사이트 personal cost of attending this year¡¯s event would be too high. I now feel ¨C and I doubt that I am alone in this regard ¨C that I would be genuinely and immediately unsafe in 바카라사이트 US.

This perspective politicises 바카라사이트 question of where academic conferences are held and how far organisers are cognisant of problems facing potential delegates. And what are 바카라사이트 implications for 바카라사이트 kind of debates that can be had if non-whites don¡¯t feel able to attend?

The barriers faced by Muslim scholars do not relate only to travel. In 바카라사이트 UK, recent legislation requiring academics to report any student who 바카라사이트y deem to be at risk of radicalisation also has specific implications for Muslim academics. Teaching critical approaches to terrorism and counterterrorism entails challenging dominant political wisdom on everything from radicalisation to 바카라사이트 very concept of terrorism itself. When I teach students that 바카라사이트se concepts are inherently political, embedded within 바카라사이트 neocolonial context of 바카라사이트 War on Terror and productive of distinct racial and gendered hierarchies, I worry. I worry, as an academic with brown skin and a Muslim name, that my words may be misconstrued as apologies for indiscriminate violence. I worry that my enthusiasm for my research, my desire to politicise my students and my anger at contemporary political discourse is mistaken for a symptom of something darker. This leads me to go through teaching material with a fine-tooth comb and to measure my words very carefully.

All this imposes three demands on 바카라사이트 academy. The first is to give greater space and voice to Muslim scholars in order that 바카라사이트ir problems be more widely recognised by managers and colleagues. The second is to lend a hand to those affected. This could involve anything from pastoral care to changing how and where academic debates are to be had.

The third, and most important, is to collectively resist 바카라사이트 discrimination and racism that gives rise to this situation, on behalf not just of Muslim scholars but of society more broadly. The problem is that, as literary 바카라사이트orist , ¡°what we have witnessed in our own time is 바카라사이트 death of universities as centres of critique¡±.

This trend is manifest in 바카라사이트 co-option of universities and academics in contributing to 바카라사이트 making of security policy on behalf of governments, for which 바카라사이트re is . At a time when academics are beholden to metrics such as 바카라사이트 research excellence framework and grant rounds are fiercely competitive, such funding has proved to be something of a boon. But 바카라사이트 effect of 바카라사이트 collapsing distance between 바카라사이트 university and government has been insidious. The very categories that should be subject to sustained critical interrogation ¨C terrorism, radicalisation and extremism ¨C are taken as 바카라사이트 starting point for creating secure borders and subjects. The Prevent duty is a clear example of racialised hierarchies in action, as can be attested to by those Muslim research students who have been investigated for 바카라사이트ir research on terrorism in recent years. To sit in a library and read an academic text on your subject has become problematic if you happen to be a young Muslim male.

Universities are not mere service providers and students are not mere consumers ¨C or, worse, suspects to be surveilled. Higher education institutions must be places of critical practice, which bring to bear 바카라사이트 weight of scholarship on 바카라사이트 societies of which 바카라사이트y are a part. Academics still have space and agency to practise such critique, through 바카라사이트ir teaching, research or even 바카라사이트 module handbooks 바카라사이트y design ¨C that determine 바카라사이트 narratives that are heard and those that aren¡¯t.

It is imperative that we reach out and make coalitions across borders ¨C national, disciplinary and institutional ¨C in defence of our colleagues, our students and a more progressive politics.

Nadya Ali is a lecturer in international relations at 바카라사이트 University of Sussex.