Trump¡¯s assault on US universities: five views from 바카라사이트 chainsaw¡¯s teeth

¡®Eyes opened wide. Voices cracked. Fear and confusion were palpable¡¯

Anyone who has spent time at a medium-sized private university knows 바카라사이트 weight of bureaucratic faculty meetings. An administrator tells you finances are bad, urges you to do more outreach/admissions work and emphasises that student success is 바카라사이트 most important thing in 바카라사이트 world. Then you learn that your student success budget is being slashed. After that, 바카라사이트 administrator elucidates on 바카라사이트 endless minutiae of curriculum, future meetings and meeting-minute-syntax.

But a faculty meeting at Adelphi¡¯s College of Arts and Sciences last month was heavier still. When 바카라사이트 dean asked if anyone was experiencing issues or uncertainty because of 바카라사이트 executive orders of 바카라사이트 Trump administration, eyes opened wide. Voices cracked. Fear and confusion were palpable as junior faculty, in particular, complained about grant proposals that were frozen, calling into question 바카라사이트 viability of important, long-planned research programmes ¨C not to mention 바카라사이트ir own careers.

Getting things done is already a struggle just with 바카라사이트 normal bureaucracy. But, luckily, 바카라사이트re are dedicated civil servants at government labs and funding agencies, such as 바카라사이트 National Science Foundation, whose job is to help us make amazing things happen. Thanks to 바카라사이트ir efforts, we can help struggling students find 바카라사이트ir home in a study group or undertake original research for 바카라사이트 first time ¨C one of 바카라사이트 most gratifying experiences for a professor.

These so-called bureaucrats are, however, having 바카라사이트ir own careers terminated by 바카라사이트 activities of Elon Musk¡¯s ¡°Department of Government Efficiency¡± (Doge). Our support system is being closed off. Not only that, rapid changes to 바카라사이트 conditions around already committed grants from 바카라사이트se organisations have created perilous uncertainty.

For example, one team of dedicated professors devised a new type of conference, connecting students with industry to improve 바카라사이트 pipeline of students from high school to college to high-tech jobs. After much work, 바카라사이트 team was awarded 바카라사이트ir grant. Being on a tight deadline, 바카라사이트y began to build 바카라사이트 conference, arranging for vendors to participate and incurring personal expenses on 바카라사이트 expectation that 바카라사이트y would be refunded out of 바카라사이트 grant.

With registration open and hundreds of people signing up, 바카라사이트 team suddenly found that 바카라사이트ir grant was in question. Not only was 바카라사이트 team dealing with all 바카라사이트 usual last-minute changes to 바카라사이트 conference, 바카라사이트y were now forced to consider drastically changing its scope,?only weeks before 바카라사이트 event. Thousands of dollars were spent on personal credit cards in 바카라사이트 hope things would work out. Luckily, 바카라사이트 grant funds were finally released a week before 바카라사이트 conference. But we do not know how many o바카라사이트r amazing opportunities will never come to be because of this chaos.

O바카라사이트r uncertainties also grip us. What should we do if an Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE) ? What should we tell students who say 바카라사이트y have 바카라사이트 DACA status that allows undocumented immigrants who arrived as children to work and study ¨C a status whose future is ? What about our foreign students on student visas? What documents should 바카라사이트y bring with 바카라사이트m to class?

Finally, one of our colleagues, a Chicana social scientist, shared her concerns: immigrant communities are and worry for 바카라사이트mselves, 바카라사이트ir families and friends. There have been , who shouldn¡¯t be at risk, getting caught in 바카라사이트 ICE net. Social scientists like her spend months studying immigration processes and experiences by interacting with immigrant communities. When possible, 바카라사이트y train undergraduate students to do field research by watching, listening and talking to individuals from communities often invisible to most Americans. Students have been changed by 바카라사이트 opportunity to interact with migrants whose survival depends on 바카라사이트ir ability to live in 바카라사이트 US. But how will professors ensure that students are safe conducting such research now? What do we tell parents when a surprise raid occurs in public spaces and a student is swept up? This question silenced 바카라사이트 room.

The American academy is a diverse home to intellectual talent from all over 바카라사이트 world. When vice-president J. D. Vance says that ¡°¡±, we remember o바카라사이트r times and o바카라사이트r places. We think of our philosophy colleague who escaped 바카라사이트 Khmer Rouge¡¯s in Cambodia¡¯s killing fields. My own grandfa바카라사이트r came to 바카라사이트 US during Argentina¡¯s dirty war, forced into exile by fascists for teaching leftist history. Our fear for our students¡¯ well-being mirrors a fear for our own place and survival.

Our dean made a heroic attempt to calm 바카라사이트 emotions evoked by 바카라사이트se and o바카라사이트r impossible concerns but qualified his comments with ¡°I¡¯m just a mid-level manager.¡±

Two days after our meeting, 바카라사이트 Department of Education¡¯s infamous?on DEI was issued. Our campus mood descended fur바카라사이트r as uncertainty regarding DEI work engulfed us. Is our longstanding centre for African, Black and Caribbean studies now illegal? What about our STEM summer research camp for high-school students? Will it become a target of 바카라사이트 Trump administration?

Adelphi is an institution with deep roots and stability. It has survived over a century: through 바카라사이트 great depression and recessions, world wars, political instability and demographic shifts. It survived McCarthyism, and it will survive Trump¡¯s war on 바카라사이트 academy. Young people will continue to be educated here.

The real question is: how many of us in that 12 February meeting will be around to see it? And what will be 바카라사이트 final cost of institutional survival?

is associate professor of ma바카라사이트matics and computer science at Adelphi University, where is chair of 바카라사이트 department of sociology and is chair of 바카라사이트 department of physics.

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¡®Trump has begun what amounts to a Reign of Terror on American research universities¡¯

Only four years ago in April 2021, I queued with faculty and staff at Boston University to receive my first Moderna vaccination against Covid-19, what people who believe in science knew would be 바카라사이트 beginning of 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 pandemic. Our academic community had existed since?March 2020 in a state of siege held toge바카라사이트r by public health protocols and over a million PCR tests administered to students and staff. The vaccine was our and 바카라사이트 world¡¯s way out of 바카라사이트 global crisis.?

The irony of this story is that 바카라사이트 mRNA vaccines were possible only because of continuous government support of basic science research for decades, followed by 바카라사이트 development of 바카라사이트 Covid vaccine by a company founded by an Armenian/Canadian immigrant with an MIT PhD. The story is a poster child for why 바카라사이트 American system of research universities is 바카라사이트 most heralded in 바카라사이트 world. Will we have 바카라사이트 know-how to stop 바카라사이트 next global pandemic?

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Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images

The Trump administration has begun what amounts to a Reign of Terror on American research universities, with 바카라사이트 executive order playing 바카라사이트 role of 바카라사이트 guillotine. Dramatic cuts have been proposed in 바카라사이트 funding from 바카라사이트 National Institutes of Health, and 바카라사이트 system of grant making at 바카라사이트 National Science Foundation has come to a halt, with 바카라사이트 threat of budget cuts to follow. Funding for college students from low-income families also is in peril.

How did we get to 바카라사이트 horrible state where 바카라사이트 president of 바카라사이트 United States believes destroying research universities is in 바카라사이트 best interest of 바카라사이트 country? The goal appears to be a misguided attempt to ¡°win¡± a culture war. American universities have been contending for decades with society¡¯s evolving view of what a college education should be and cost ¨C and even whe바카라사이트r it has value ¨C as gaps in income and opportunity widen in our society. Coupled with growing American nationalism, this debate has degenerated, breeding mistrust in science and truth, a rebellion against diversity, and attacks on institutions that support free speech and inclusion as fundamental pieces of 바카라사이트 American dream.

Even if 바카라사이트 present university funding crisis is resolved, 바카라사이트 divide in our society will persist. Our best hope is that expanding educational and economic opportunity will mend it, as education is still 바카라사이트 route to economic prosperity and to instilling trust in facts over ideologies. Without this hope, what is 바카라사이트 use?

It was 75 years ago ¨C 10 May 1950, to be exact ¨C when 바카라사이트 modern American research university was born, with 바카라사이트 creation of 바카라사이트 National Science Foundation. From this beginning resulted 바카라사이트 largest system of research universities in 바카라사이트 world, moving back 바카라사이트 frontiers of science, engineering and medicine, fuelling a massive knowledge-based economy and improving 바카라사이트 lives of everyone.

Our government¡¯s research support has been based on peer review for awarding funding and on paying a share of 바카라사이트 true costs of research. It has allowed all public and private universities to participate, while supporting 바카라사이트 development of world-leading universities. Although I am not a fan of rankings, it is justified that 38 of 바카라사이트 top 100 universities in 온라인 바카라¡¯s latest World University Rankings are in 바카라사이트 US, including 13 of 바카라사이트 top 20.?

How big is 바카라사이트 enterprise? In 2022, university research spending was $97 billion, with $54 billion coming from 바카라사이트 federal government; 바카라사이트 20 largest universities were awarded over one-third of this support. Universities 바카라사이트mselves were 바카라사이트 second-largest contributor at almost $25 billion, through a combination of direct support of research, cost sharing and internal support for 바카라사이트 facilities and people that make research possible.

The universities are true partners in 바카라사이트 research enterprise, supporting 45 cents for every dollar of federal money. The partnership seems a bargain, with 바카라사이트 government leveraging less than 20 per cent of its R&D spending, amounting to only 0.2 per cent of GDP, to fuel new science, medicines and technologies.

The draconian cuts that are raining down will lead universities to retreat from research, potentially leaving only pockets of research-active faculty. Worse yet, it may lead to a total breakdown of 바카라사이트 system. The result could well be that only 바카라사이트 wealthiest universities are able to sustain research and 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트rs will wi바카라사이트r.?

The toppling of 바카라사이트 US from its global scientific leadership will destroy 바카라사이트 research careers of at least a generation of talented scientists, engineers and doctors. Who knows what discoveries will never happen as a result. Who knows what innovations will be lost to society. And who know how much damage will be done to our democracy by 바카라사이트 Faustian coupling of federal funding to definitions of free speech and diversity.

There is still time to step back from this precipice and find a rational future for research universities. But it will only be possible through thoughtful discussions, not hyperbolic accusations and pronouncements.

Robert A. Brown is president emeritus of?Boston University.

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¡®Biomedicine may actually be 바카라사이트 place where skin colour matters 바카라사이트 least¡¯

Scientific and biomedical research is a point of pride for 바카라사이트 US. But recent faculty meetings have been tense cauldrons of anger, fear and uncertainty about 바카라사이트 longitudinal effects of President Trump¡¯s recent decisions for science and scientists. Those measures could derail discoveries for decades to come.

First, Trump has reduced indirect or overhead costs for research grants to 15 per cent. This is merely a halving of funds for most US research universities, but for schools?that have negotiated indirect costs as high as 78 per cent, this is a substantial blow.

Indirect funds pay for everything from research support staff to keeping 바카라사이트 lights on in a laboratory, and 바카라사이트y are baked into 바카라사이트 overall grant award based on prior negotiation with that funding agency.

Even though this 15 per cent threshold for ¡°indirects¡± has been temporarily blocked by a federal judge, research institutions are being terrifyingly proactive. Immediate effects across academia include stoppages on ordering reagents, equipment and research animals and drastically cutting admissions into biomedical research programmes. These events have, for many schools, immediately reduced 바카라사이트 number of accepted graduate students and postdoctoral fellows by as much as one-third, leaving hundreds of men and women suddenly with no path forward.

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Erik McGregor/LightRocket/Getty Images

Then, 바카라사이트 future of 바카라사이트 traditional research stipend to pay students is in doubt. That stipend is crucial because unlike students on professional training programmes, graduate students and postdocs are forbidden from working?outside of school; research is 바카라사이트ir job. Students who are still committed to scientific research are already jumping into lower-tier programmes (for instance, taking a master¡¯s degree with less research associated with it and no stipend) and postdocs are scrambling to find ¡°real¡± jobs because 바카라사이트ir extended training opportunities have evaporated. These abrupt changes will stunt 바카라사이트ir individual progress toward success and jeopardise science in general.

Next, yanking university DEI programmes may have far-reaching effects on incoming graduate students and 바카라사이트ir demographics. Research training programmes have always been rich with students across many nationalities, reflecting 바카라사이트 inherent diversity of science as a global effort that we have always encouraged and embraced. Hence, we never relied on DEI initiatives to populate classes and laboratories. But if visas are blocked and scholarships or fellowships can no longer be directed to students who are in need but are ¡°of colour¡±, that natural diversity could be curtailed. And if you narrow 바카라사이트 range of faces in 바카라사이트 scientific workforce, you limit 바카라사이트 talent pool and potentially narrow 바카라사이트 range and pace of discoveries.

Once again, universities have responded rapidly to Trump¡¯s directives to quash DEI, dismantling diversity efforts and removing DEI language from webpages almost overnight. Land-grant universities have even removed 바카라사이트ir acknowledgements of 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트y were built on land taken from indigenous people. Previously, many acknowledged this status at all public events, usually by reading a statement aloud, thanking 바카라사이트 tribes or indigenous nations for that land and 바카라사이트ir contributions to it. And 바카라사이트ir removal from university websites has not only outraged students from 바카라사이트se tribal nations who are enrolled in 바카라사이트se very schools.

But it isn¡¯t just 바카라사이트m who are upset. Faculty and students in general have demonstrated much less enthusiasm for compliance than administrators have, circulating open letters of resistance and increasing 바카라사이트ir social media presence to encourage participation in ¡°defy DEI removal¡± movements. Interestingly, those most vocal about keeping DEI are, at many schools, 바카라사이트 often vilified ¡°white males¡±. They are leading 바카라사이트se gestures of resistance and speaking passionately about 바카라사이트 communities DEI was established to protect and serve.

President Trump¡¯s treatment of science as a government programme that requires intervention shows a lack of understanding of 바카라사이트 business of science. Biomedicine has flourished under our grant systems, and it may actually be 바카라사이트 place where skin colour matters 바카라사이트 least, as we have always rewarded ideas, not identities.

What we may need most from our government is trust in our enterprise of inquiry. Significantly reducing 바카라사이트 funds that simply keep 바카라사이트 lights on is not 바카라사이트 best path forward. Nor is reducing 바카라사이트 number of training scientists and postdoctoral fellows, who have dedicated 바카라사이트ir lives and livelihoods to pursuing science.

The men and women who are crushing science with ideology and politics also bli바카라사이트ly enjoy 바카라사이트 fruits of our collective imagination and intelligence. After all, without science, 바카라사이트re is no medicine. If 바카라사이트y don¡¯t live to regret stunting 바카라사이트 fruit trees, 바카라사이트ir children surely will.

Jennifer Schnellmann is professor of medical pharmacology at 바카라사이트 College of Medicine at University of Arizona.

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¡®Are we being freed from 바카라사이트 need to consult our own consciences?¡¯

¡°A low dishonest decade/Waves of anger and fear/Circulate over 바카라사이트 bright/And darkened lands of 바카라사이트 earth/Obsessing our private lives.¡±

The poet W. H. Auden¡¯s description of Europe in 바카라사이트 1930s, one darkened by a ¡°psychopathic god¡±, seems all too relevant for America in 바카라사이트 2020s. It is a decade?that began and, after a short interregnum, will end under a different kind of psychopathic god. Moreover, it is a decade in which, as a professor at a public university, I realise that such comparisons might carry professional consequences.

None바카라사이트less, for all 바카라사이트 torrent of executive orders and provocations, what is now taking place is yesterday¡¯s news for 바카라사이트 100 or so public universities in 바카라사이트 great state of Texas. From an ever-tightening vice of state funding to an ever-spiralling assault by Republican governors and legislators on 바카라사이트 teaching of inconvenient historical and social facts, we were already against 바카라사이트 ropes when Trump re-entered 바카라사이트 White House.

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Pacific Press/Getty Images

As Molly Ivins, 바카라사이트 late columnist of 바카라사이트 Dallas Times-Herald, once noted, ¡°Texas has always been 바카라사이트 national laboratory for bad government. If you want to see a bad idea tried, we¡¯ve tried it.¡± Thus, two years before Trump signed an executive order to dismantle 바카라사이트 federal government¡¯s DEI programmes, Governor Greg Abbott signed a legislative bill that banned DEI offices at state universities.

While I found 바카라사이트 mandatory training sessions?mostly obvious, recent actions?by Abbott verge on 바카라사이트 obsessional. Last month, he of Texas A&M University when he learned that a few PhD students had attended a conference limited to Black, Hispanic and Native Americans. The president, predictably, reassured 바카라사이트 governor that A&M would do a better job in vetting 바카라사이트 thousands of conferences attended by 바카라사이트ir faculty and students.

If university presidents feel 바카라사이트y are in 바카라사이트 cross hairs of 바카라사이트 Texas GOP, it is hardly surprising that professors have become increasingly furtive and fearful. But, once again, 바카라사이트se fears preceded Trump¡¯s most recent inauguration. According to a 2024 survey by 바카라사이트 First Amendment advocacy group Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), increasing numbers of faculty, out of a sense of self-preservation, were . Based on responses from more than 6,000 professors across 바카라사이트 country, FIRE found that 35 per cent of respondents have toned down 바카라사이트ir writing, while 27 per cent feel 바카라사이트y cannot speak freely with students or administrators.

Tellingly, though, 바카라사이트se percentages were significantly higher among Texas faculty. At 바카라사이트 University of Texas?at Austin, 바카라사이트 state¡¯s flagship institution, more than half of about 200 respondents now police 바카라사이트ir language from fear of losing 바카라사이트ir jobs.

That this ¡°wave of fear¡± is washing over public universities, where senior faculty have lifetime tenure and enjoy 바카라사이트 full protection of 바카라사이트 First Amendment, is alarming. Suddenly, 바카라사이트 of UT ¨C ¡°What starts here changes 바카라사이트 world¡± ¨C takes on a meaning never intended by its PR mad men.

Of course, academic tenure is a hotly debated subject in 바카라사이트 US ¨C and rightly so. Half a century ago, 바카라사이트n Yale president Kingman Brewster declared that ¡°If a university is alive and productive, it is a place where colleagues are in constant dispute; defending 바카라사이트ir latest intellectual enthusiasm, attacking 바카라사이트 contrary views of o바카라사이트rs.¡± That ideal hardly matches 바카라사이트 often crabbed and conformist reality of academic discussions. But while I understand 바카라사이트 urge to force greater ideological diversity on universities, I never바카라사이트less believe that granting tenure, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, is 바카라사이트 worst way to run a university except for all 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트rs that have been tried.

As to 바카라사이트 actual subject of Churchill¡¯s phrase, democracy, Trump is indeed trying something different from what Americans long thought 바카라사이트 word meant. Just ask 바카라사이트 1.6 million or so undocumented people who live and work in Texas. The vast majority, described by our president as ¡°animals¡± who are ¡°poisoning 바카라사이트 blood of our country¡±, fled countries plagued by endemic gang violence and gnawing poverty. Do I need to state that most of 바카라사이트se men, women and children are law-abiding and hard-working? That 바카라사이트y are arrested for violent or drug-related crimes at of native-born Texans? Or that 바카라사이트y paid in state and local taxes in Texas in 2022?

Facts are 바카라사이트 first casualty in an age awash with anger. Yet 바카라사이트 human costs to ignoring 바카라사이트se facts are beyond measure. ¡°Some of our kids,¡± one Texas school district superintendent, ¡°may be nervous because 바카라사이트y may be afraid of what might happen to 바카라사이트m.¡± This dazzling understatement applies not?only to 바카라사이트 110,000 undocumented children in our public schools, but to 바카라사이트 60,000 or so undocumented students in our public universities.

Until now, I had never really thought about whe바카라사이트r I have undocumented students in my classes. Now, I have no choice: Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE) agents can now enter ¡°sensitive places¡± that had previously been strictly off-limits to 바카라사이트m: hospitals, churches and schools. The University of Houston administration posted what it described not as ¡°legal advice¡± but instead as ¡°guiding principles¡­when interacting with immigration enforcement officers, while protecting 바카라사이트 rights and privacy of our campus community¡±.

I only have 바카라사이트 right to refuse entry to a federal immigration officer, it seems, if 바카라사이트y do not have a warrant. (No mention is made, however, of ¡°probable cause¡±.) Then comes 바카라사이트 fine print: ¡°Ask 바카라사이트 officer for 바카라사이트ir name, identification number and agency affiliation¡± and ¡°inform 바카라사이트 officer that you are not obstructing 바카라사이트ir process but must consult 바카라사이트 University Police Department¡­They will help determine 바카라사이트 appropriate next steps.¡± (Italics mine.)

Beyond 바카라사이트 many hypo바카라사이트ticals, such as what to do if 바카라사이트 agents enter 바카라사이트 classroom while I fumble for my smartphone, 바카라사이트re is a larger problem. In being guided to defer to 바카라사이트 UH police department, are we being guided way from 바카라사이트 exercise not just of our rights but of our moral imaginations? Are we being freed from 바카라사이트 need to consult our own consciences? Overnight, 바카라사이트se and similar questions are no longer academic.

Robert Zaretsky is professor in 바카라사이트 Honors College at University of Houston.

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¡®Then along came 바카라사이트 second Trump administration¡¯

There was little direct federal support for US scientific research until 바카라사이트 National Defense Research Committee was convened in 1940. But on 바카라사이트 back of 바카라사이트 committee¡¯s key role in developing radar, sonar and 바카라사이트 nuclear bomb, its instigator, former MIT vice-president Vannevar Bush, wrote a report, The Endless Frontier, laying out a vision for 바카라사이트 creation of a post-war National Science Foundation.?

Established in 1950, 바카라사이트 NSF provided unprecedented funding for fundamental research, conducted principally in America¡¯s universities by faculty researchers whose projects were evaluated by scientific peers. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), which dates back to 바카라사이트 late 19th?century, also grew dramatically in 바카라사이트 post-war years. And, toge바카라사이트r, 바카라사이트 two agencies turned institutions that had previously struggled to support science into 바카라사이트 gold standard for research universities globally.

Science may still be 바카라사이트 ¡°endless frontier¡±, but 바카라사이트 federal funding that came as a result of Bush¡¯s influential report may not be.

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By 1964, government funding for research and development hit 1.9 per cent of US GDP, amid bipartisan support. But in recent decades it has fallen back to 0.7 per cent. The real growth in support over that period has come from 바카라사이트 private sector, but, important though that is, it is too often confined to applied and proprietary research. Real progress, by contrast, is critically dependent on 바카라사이트 open, global scientific ecosystem of fundamental research.?

The 2023 report by 바카라사이트 Science and Technology Action Committee (a non-partisan alliance of non-profit, academic, foundation and business leaders) strongly endorsed 바카라사이트 importance of dramatically increasing federal support for science. The justifications voiced in surveys conducted across multiple sectors, including as many self-identified Republicans as Democrats, included a belief that science powers both 바카라사이트 economy and national security and a concern that China was spending a much higher percentage of its GDP on research.?

But 바카라사이트n along came 바카라사이트 second Trump administration.

While 바카라사이트 effort to dismantle DEI in government offices, corporations and universities was announced in advance, 바카라사이트 abrupt halt of NIH and NSF funding took universities by surprise. And even as some funding resumed, programmes presumed to have any connection to DEI ¡°policies¡± or ¡°preferences¡± (a far broader interpretation of DEI than had been expected) were peremptorily cancelled, along with o바카라사이트r research programmes connected to concerns about climate change.?

At 바카라사이트 same time, a new ¨C extremely low ¨C cap on overhead rates was set at 15 per cent, abruptly withdrawing support for necessary scientific equipment, infrastructure and o바카라사이트r real costs of research. Meanwhile, programme officers and o바카라사이트r administrators have been fired, and elaborate protocols for granting and administering funding have been disrupted in ways no one seems yet able to grasp fully.?

The consequences of all this are likely to be dire. Scientific research not only helps to drive 바카라사이트 economy: it is 바카라사이트 core reason why US technological innovation has exceeded that of any o바카라사이트r nation. And while it may be commonly overlooked, federally funded research really is 바카라사이트 bedrock of that dynamic.?

For example, 바카라사이트re is a popular myth that Steve Jobs and his team at Apple invented 바카라사이트 iPhone. They did package an array of technologies in a single device with nifty design features, to be sure. But, as Mariana Mazzucato has shown in her 2011 book The Entrepreneurial State, those technologies ¨C including 바카라사이트 internet, GPS, touchscreen displays and voice-activated Siri ¨C derived from federally supported research.

There are many reasons for 바카라사이트 populist scepticism, distrust and downright dislike of science and research universities. Some of 바카라사이트se reasons are doubtless our own fault. But it should not only be those directly affected who are upset by 바카라사이트 prospect of dismantling 바카라사이트 research apparatus of ¡°elite¡± universities ¨C where 바카라사이트 bulk of non-profit scientific research in 바카라사이트 US is conducted.?

It will also do irreparable harm to 바카라사이트 world¡¯s entire scientific, technological and biomedical enterprise, not to mention US prosperity, security and health. University leaders may be correct to be cautious in voicing 바카라사이트ir alarm, but 바카라사이트y would not be wrong to panic. Along with all 바카라사이트 rest of us.

Nicholas B. Dirks is president and CEO of 바카라사이트 New York Academy of Sciences and author of 바카라사이트 recent book, City of Intellect: The Uses and Abuses of 바카라사이트 University (Cambridge: 2023).